Influence of Statolon on Resistance of Mice to Influenza

Pindak, Frank F.; Schmidt, Jerome P.; Kendrick, Jerry Z.

doi:10.1128/aem.18.2.147-151.1969

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(29 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We concluded that interferon is synthesized at distal sites and, though found in the lung, does not reach the cells of the mucous surface of the respiratory tract and therefore cannot contribute to defense against viral invasion. The results of other investigators also provide evidence that a barrier prevents accessibility of circulating interferon to the surface cells of the respiratory tract (1,4,15). Direct treatment of potential target cells of the respiratory tract with statolon, however, results in the production of interferon in the cells with concomitant protection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inhibition of Influenza Virus and Interferon Response Intranasally with Statolon

Kleinschmidt

Streightoff

1971

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Statolon, an interferon inducer, when instilled intranasally (IN) protects mice infected with lethal doses of influenza virus via the same route 16 hr later. The existence of interferon has been demonstrated in the trachea and lungs of mice treated IN with statolon, and it is assumed that the protection observed is due to this inhibitor. A dose response is seen with statolon administered IN. The protective activity of statolon instilled IN prophylactically lasts 1 to 2 weeks against influenza virus. Repeated doses of statolon, as many as four, a week apart, are effective. Antigenicity of the statolon (mycophage) particle relative to neutralization of its interferon-inducing capacity, therefore, may not prove to be a problem in clinical testing of this type of interferon inducer. The observed duration of activity of statolon also eliminates the possibility of difficulty due to hyporeactivity of the inducer.Once a viral infection is established, it is difficult to overcome with interferon inducers. Such inducers are more effective when administered prophylactically. A preferential route for administration of such inducers would be the intranasal (IN) route, a common portal of entry for many viruses. The fact that viruses are airborne even for relatively long distances (7) emphasizes the desirability of protection via this route.We have found that one prophylactic dose of statolon, an interferon inducer derived from Penicilliwn stoloniferwn, has a protective duration of activity of 30 days against MM virus in mice (11). Statolon administered prophylactically IN 16 hr before infection has also been found to protect mice against influenza virus inoculated via the same route (8). Because viruses have varying susceptibilities to interferon, determination of the duration of activity of statolon, instilled IN, against this respiratory virus was of interest relative to clinical application.Prophylactic use of an inducer invokes the necessity of repeated doses of the inducer. The double-stranded ribonucleic acid (DS-RNA)-containing mycophage particles (2,9,10), the predominant factor in statolon responsible for activity, are antigenic. A second dose of statolon could then be precluded from inducing interferon due to neutralization by antibody. The response to repeated doses of statolon has, therefore, been studied.MATERIALS AND METHODS Statolon. Statolon preparations similar to those previously described were employed (8,11,12). The statolon was dissolved in water. Concentrations of active statolon are based on nondialyzable solids.Treatment and infection of mice. Statolon in a volume of 0.05 ml, containing 300 ,g of the inducer, was administered with a syringe onto the noses of mice (ND4 strain, SPF), 11 to 13 g in weight, under light ether anesthesia. Control mice were treated with a saline solution. Sixteen hours later, the mice were infected with 10 LI),1 units of mouse-adapted PR8 influenza virus by aerosol. Infection was accomplished with a Tri-R aerosol infection apparatus capable of delivering aerosol particles appr...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Inhibition of Influenza Virus and Interferon Response Intranasally with Statolon

Kleinschmidt

Streightoff

1971

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sci., 1969). In vivo experiments with statolon, an interferon inducer of mold origin, showed that, unless the inducer is given by the IN route, it is ineffective in protecting mice from the lethal effects of influenza infection (10,11). Interferon itself has shown variable results on experimental influenza infections in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Poly I:C on Experimental Respiratory Infection in Hamsters

Renis¹

1970

Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interferon inducer double-stranded polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) was studied in hamsters experimentally infected with parainfluenza 3 virus. Upper intranasal, deep intranasal, or intraperitoneal treatment of hamsters with poly I:C (100 ,ug/100to 120-g animal) 24 hr before an upper respiratory infection significantly reduced the virus yields taken 28 hr after infection. Deep intranasal and intraperitoneal treatment with poly I:C greatly decreased the virus titers in the lungs, as measured 48 hr after a deep lung infection with parainfluenza 3 virus; however, the upper respiratory poly I:C treatment was ineffective.

show abstract

“…This virus is a natural human and murine pathogen. The sensitivity of the virus to I F and I F inducers has been demonstrated by several authors, both in experimental models (19,21) and in human epidemics (23). Germany as an infected allantoic fluid.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Preventive Effect of a Nonviral Interferon Inducer, a Bacterial Vaccine, On Experimental Influenza In Mice

Dahl

Degré

1972

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intranasally inoculated Influenza A2/Singapore virus in mice results in a pulmonary infection with dose depending mortality. This experimental model was employed to study the effect of standard bacterial vaccine (SBV) on viral respiratory infection. SBV, given intraperitoneally from simultaneously to 6 hours before influenza inoculation, reduced the mortality, the growth of virus in the lungs, the development of gross pulmonary lesions and the seroconversion. The protection appeared to be most effective, when the vaccine was given 5 hours prior to viral infection. In some experiments some protection was afforded even with 24 hours or 7 days interval between administration of SBV and virus. The possible mechanism of protection is discussed. SBV given i.p. stimulates production or release of interferon (IF). Our data do not allow any conclusion, whether the effect is due to production of IF or to stimulation of the immune apparatus and other nonspecific mechanisms. Probably both factors are involved.

show abstract

Influence of Statolon on Resistance of Mice to Influenza

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Inhibition of Influenza Virus and Interferon Response Intranasally with Statolon

Inhibition of Influenza Virus and Interferon Response Intranasally with Statolon

Effect of Poly I:C on Experimental Respiratory Infection in Hamsters

Preventive Effect of a Nonviral Interferon Inducer, a Bacterial Vaccine, On Experimental Influenza In Mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About