Influence of sphingomyelin and TNF-α release on lethality and local inflammatory reaction induced by Loxosceles gaucho spider venom in mice

Lipidomic Analysis of Serum from Horses with Strongyle Infection

“…Sphingolipids also have key roles in cell signaling [10]. Administration of exogenous sphingolipids has been shown to reduce Loxosceles gaucho spider venom spread within the host [11]. Although, the toxin involved in that study is not linked to strongyle infection, the results suggest that sphingolipids might have an effect on the establishment of parasite infections within the host.…”

Pattern of inflammatory response to Loxosceles intermedia venom in distinct mouse strains: A key element to understand skin lesions and dermonecrosis by poisoning

“…To evaluate histological changes the L. intermedia venom was diluted in 100 mL of PSS and injected intradermally (ID) in the abdomen of mice (de Oliveira et al, 2005;Domingos et al, 2003). Each mouse strain was divided into two groups: The first group received 1.2 mg/g of venom and the second control group received only PSS.…”

Loxoscelism: Old obstacles, new directions

“…Dermal histopathology of experimentally envenomated rabbits demonstrates edema of the dermal endothelial cells 42 accompanied by deposition of intravascular fibrin, endothelial thickening, vasodilatation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly polymorphonuclear cells, 43 which occurs time dependently 17,41,44 and depends on the location of the bite. For example, Domingos et al 45 suggested that the size and availability of the local sphingomyelin pool may be important in determining the outcome of Loxosceles envenomation in different mammalian species.…”

“…The extent of dermal damage is correlated with diffusion of the venom itself. 6 Other factors that affect the lesion severity include the spider species, 59 spider sex and age, 60,61 the amount of tissue sphingomyelin 45 or adipose tissue at the envenomation site, 7 and genetic variance in individuals 62 and patient age. 4 The absence of a lesion 2 to 3 days after the bite usually indicates that necrosis will not develop.…”