Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of <sup>15</sup>N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Malhi, S. S.; Nyborg, M.; Solberg, E. D.

doi:10.4141/cjss96-013

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There was no overall significant influence of fertilizer form on other crop parameters, results which generally agree with the findings of earlier research that concluded that all N forms are effective in improving crop yield and/or N recovery when applied properly to increase accessibility and prevent any gaseous N loss (Touchton and Hargrove 1982;Malhi et al 1996;Grant et al 2001;Lafond et al 2003). There was a significant S )F interaction indicating variable results at the individual site-year level, but no clear trends were discernable.…”

Section: N Fertilizer Form/formulationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

Malhi¹,

Lemke²,

Mooleki³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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2008. Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 11Á33. In the Canadian prairies, producers prefer to seed and apply all fertilizer nutrients in one operation, but placement of fertilizers at high rates in the seed row can reduce crop emergence. Recently, specialized equipment has been developed to minimize or prevent damage to seedlings by maintaining a safe separation between seed and fertilizer. A 3-yr (2000 to 2002) field study was conducted to determine the effect of N formulation (urea and anhydrous ammonia), placement (broadcast, side-band and mid-row band), timing (fall and spring) and rate (0 to 90 or 120 kg N ha Á1 ), and P placement (7Á10 kg P ha Á1) on plant density, seed and straw yield, seed protein content, and N uptake in seed and straw of flax (Linum ustatissimum L.) under no-till at four sites (Indian Head, Black Chernozem soil Á Udic Boroll; Melfort, Dark Gray Luvisol soil Á Mollic Cryoboralf; Swift Current, Brown Chernozem soil Á Aridic Boroll; and Scott, Dark Brown Chernozem soil Á Typic Boroll) in Saskatchewan. There was a significant increase at 10 of 12 site-years for seed yield, at 5 site-years for straw yield, at 12 site-years for seed protein content, at 11 site-years for seed N uptake, and at 8 site-years for straw N uptake with increasing N fertilizer rate, but the responses were generally small to moderate and varied with placement, form and timing of N application, and placement of P fertilizer in a few cases. Side-banded N fertilizer treatments reduced plant emergence at 3 site-years for urea and at 4 site-year for anhydrous ammonia, but the plant densities were considered adequate for optimum yield. Seed and straw yield, seed protein content, and N uptake in seed and straw were generally similar between side-banded and mid-row-banded N fertilizer, and also similar between urea and anhydrous ammonia in most cases. Occasionally, there was a trend of seed yield reduction with seed-placed P compared with side-banded P, side-banded urea was more effective than broadcast urea, and fall banded N less effective than spring side-banded N. In conclusion, there were few differences in the agronomic performance of urea vs. anhydrous ammonia and side-band vs. mid-row band. The findings did suggest that broadcast urea can be less effective than side-banded urea, fall banded N can be inferior to spring banded N, and seed-placed P can reduce seed yield compared with side-banded P.Key words: Anhydrous ammonia, flax, N application timing, N form, N and P placement, N uptake, protein content, urea, yield Malhi, S. S., Lemke, R., Mooleki, S. P., Schoenau, J. J., Brandt, S., Lafond, G., Wang, H., Hultgreen, G. E. et May, W. E . 2008. Incidence de la gestion et du placement des engrais N et P sur le rendement, la teneur en prote´ines des graines et l'absorption de N par le lin dans diverses conditions, en Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 11Á33. Les agriculteurs des Prairies cana...

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Section: N Fertilizer Form/formulationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

Malhi¹,

Lemke²,

Mooleki³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…In a literature survey, Pilbeam (1996) found that fertilizer N recovery in the crop decreased in proportion to site aridity as measured by the precipitation:evaporation quotient whereas recovery in the soil followed the opposite trend. Malhi et al (1996) found that plant recovery of N was lower with urea as the N source compared with ammonium nitrate.…”

Section: Plant Uptake Of N and Crop Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

Soon¹,

Brandt²,

Malhi³

2006

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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S. S. 2006. Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat. Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 483-491. Environment and management effects on the N supply to crops are not well understood. We assessed the influence of tillage system (conventional tillage or no-till), N fertilizer (0 or 60 kg N ha -1 ) and year on N sources and supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem loam soil, and N utilization by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2 yr. The main N source was mineralized N; only 14-23% of wheat N was derived from fertilizer, and non-exchangeable ammonium made no measurable contribution. Soil NO 3 and exchangeable NH 4 content at sowing and net N mineralization during the growing season (N min ) were influenced more by year than by N addition and tillage. N min was 90-100 kg N ha -1 in 1999, a moist growing season but only 21-39 kg N ha -1 in 2000, a drier year. In both years, soil inorganic N to 60 cm at sowing averaged about 60 kg N ha -1 of which half was N mineralized since the previous harvest. Year accounted for 65-81% of the variation in N uptake. Fertilization increased N uptake and wheat yields, especially in 2000, but fertilization and tillage had no effect on post-heading N uptake and N translocation. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recovery were lower with N applied and not affected by tillage. Our study indicated that available N was affected more by environment than management. In dry conditions, when N min is low, N application may be more effective in increasing yield and N uptake than in wet years, an observation that may merit further attention. Management decisions such as cropping and tillage systems and level of fertilization, as well as climatic conditions, influence crop production and N utilization (Halvorson et al. 1999;Lopez-Bellido et al. 2000). Although increasing N application enhances N uptake by wheat, N utilization often becomes less efficient (Delogu et al. 1998;Lopez-Bellido and Lopez-Bellido 2001). Halvorson et al. (1999) found that reducing the intensity of tillage or increasing N rate from 34 to 67 kg N ha -1 generally resulted in higher yields of wheat; however, the response varied among years due to water availability. Campbell et al. (1993) reported that N utilization by spring wheat was influenced more by available water and N application rate than the placement and timing of N application, and was increased by soil NO 3 remaining in the fall and decreased by fertilizer N. Soil water limitation and high inter-annual variability in precipitation are common on the prairies (Bochert 1950), and may have a greater influence than farm management practices on nutrient utilization.

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“…The use efficiency of N was perhaps also lower in 2004, when fertilizer top dressings were applied as a surface application in contrast to 2005 when top dressings were incorporated in the soil. Surface application of fertilizer may result in N being more prone to volatilization losses (Mahli et al 1996). Even on infertile soils, with SOC, P and/or K below the critical Kenyan on-farm trials at 3 and 6 months after planting.…”

Section: Variability In Unfertilized Cassava Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding factors that govern fertilizer response in cassava: lessons from East Africa

Fermont

Tittonell

Baguma

et al. 2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Information on fertilizer response in cassava in Africa is scarce. We conducted a series of onfarm and on-station trials in two consecutive years to quantify yield responses of cassava to mineral fertilizer in Kenya and Uganda and to evaluate factors governing the responses. Average unfertilized yields ranged from 4.2 to 25.7 t ha -1 between sites and years. Mineral fertilizer use increased yields significantly, but response to fertilizer was highly variable (-0.2 to 15.3 t ha -1 ). Average yield response per kg applied nutrient was 37, 168 and 45 and 106, 482 and 128 kg fresh yield per kg of applied N, P and K, respectively in 2004 and 2005. Fertilizer response was governed by soil fertility, rainfall and weed management, but was not influenced by variety, pest and disease pressure and harvest age. Relative N and K yields were positively correlated to SOC and exchangeable K, while response to fertilizer decreased on more fertile soils. Still, fertilizer response varied widely on low fertility soils (e.g. on soils with\10 g kg -1 SOC, responses ranged from -8.6 to 24.4 t ha -1 ), indicating strong interactions between factors governing fertilizer response. Response to fertilizer was reduced if total rainfall \1,500 mm or rainfall from 0 to 3 months after planting \400 mm. Fertilizer application promoted plant growth and resulted in a better soil coverage and reduced weed competition. Yields in fertilized fields were independent of weed management, unless growing conditions were unfavourable.

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Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

Towards understanding factors that govern fertilizer response in cassava: lessons from East Africa

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Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

Fertilizer N management and P placement effects on yield, seed protein content and N uptake of flax under varied conditions in Saskatchewan

Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

Towards understanding factors that govern fertilizer response in cassava: lessons from East Africa

Contact Info

Product

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Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of ¹⁵N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage