Influence of Some Mutant Genes on Certain Agronomically Important Traits in Sunflower

Abstract

During two growing seasons there were studied 11 sunflower breeding lines and their 30 analogues obtained via backcrossing, chemical mutagenesis and selected as natural mutants. The variability of such agronomic traits as crop yield, seed oil content, 1,000 seed weight, plant height, leaf and petiole size, number of leaves and branches, and head diameter was investigated. The traits of crop yield, leaf size, number of branches were the most variable, whereas the most stable were 1,000 seed weight, seed oil content, plant height, and the number of leaves. The influence of mutant genes which control ray flower color and shape, leaf color and shape, dwarfness, number of leaves and ray flowers, and shape of bracts on the manifestation of important agronomic traits was estimated. No negative impact of the genes of ray flower color and shape and leaf color was noticed. The gene of fringed leaf margin reduced plant height while the gene of erect petiole increased development of that trait. The genes of dwarfness can negatively influence seed oil content and 1,000 seed weight.

Improvement of the sunflower seed separation process efficiency on the vibrating surface

“…where ΔE -meter readings, W Since the task of separating sunflower seeds during movement on a vibrating surface is a division of it into 3 fractions (the bare core, fully executed, incompletely executed and empty), experimental installation has 3 fringe areas. For each experiment, for each fringe area, fractional composition is determined according to the generally accepted methodology (GOST 10854-88, 2010) and the corresponding distribution coefficient δ is calculated according to the formula [2][3][4] (Aliev et al, 2018).…”

“…Figure 3. The dependence of the vibrating pneumatic table productivity q on the seed supply Q, the air flow velocity V, the frequency of the deck oscillations ψ and the deck inclination angles α and β at optimal values [10] The criterion for the quality of separation is coefficient of distribution δ, which is determined from the mass part of fraction [2][3][4]. There has been defined the mathematical model of the influence of the investigated factors on the coefficient of distribution δ: δ = -147.163 -4.8605 α -0.460969 α 2 + 28.1812 β -1.04909 β 2 + 105.827 V + + 1.82315 α V -5.3159 β V -13.3333 V 2 -10.1229 ψ -0.472683 β ψ + 0.6 Vψ + + 0.493084 ψ 2 [11] Analyzing equations [8] and [11], it can be stated that the distribution coefficient δ does not significantly affect the seed supply Q.…”

“…For obtaining homogeneous parent components genetic seed material we need to take into account all signs in complex, including signs of achene. Sunflower seeds have a large variety in size, shape, weight and color (Kirichenko, 2005;Vedmedeva, Soroka, 2015). For the confectionery used sunflower, the achene volume weight is a quantitative indication, which affects the plant productivity.…”

The influence of genes which responsible for leaf shape and lines height on the economic qualities of Helianthus annuus hybrids

“…Ìàòåð³àëîì äîñë³äaeåííÿ áóëî îáðàíî òðè ñåëåêö³éí³ ë³í³¿ ñîíÿøíèêà òà ¿õí³ àíàëîãè çà ãåíàìè, ùî îáóìîâëþþòü ìîðôîëîã³÷í³ îçíàêè ôîðìè ëèñòêà: áàõðîìà êðàþ ëèñòêà, ëîaeêîïîä³áíà ôîðìà òà íèçüêîðîñë³ñòü ðîñëèí (ãåí Dw) [17]. Ñåëåêö³éí³ ë³í³¿ òà ¿õí³ àíàëîãè îäíî÷àñíî çàëó÷àëè äî ñõðåùóâàíü ç ë³í³ÿìè-òåñòåðàìè.…”

“…Íàìè áóëî ñòâîðåíî òà âèâ÷åíî êîëåêö³þ ë³-í³é àíàëîã³â çà ìîðôîëîã³÷íèìè îçíàêàìè [17]. Äî ö³º¿ êîëåêö³¿ âõîäÿòü ë³í³¿ àíàëîãè çà ãåíàìè Fr, Dw òà sp, ñòâîðåí³ íà îñíîâ³ òðüîõ ñå-ëåêö³éíèõ ë³í³é, öå äîçâîëÿº âñòàíîâèòè ä³éñ-í³ âïëèâè ãåí³â íà ïîêàçíèêè ¿õí³õ ã³áðèä³â.…”