Influence of Soil Bulk Density and Matric Pressure on Soil Resistance to Penetration

Mirreh, H. F.; Ketcheson, J. W.

doi:10.4141/cjss72-059

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Samples were prepared following similar procedures to those of Hill and Sumner (1967) and Mirreh and Ketcheson (1972). Air-dry sieved « 2 mm) soil was used to prepare the soil cores.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of soil compaction on the water retention characteristics of soils in forest plantations

Smith¹,

Johnston²,

Lorentz

2001

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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A study was carried out to evaluate the relative effects of soil compaction on the water retention characteristics of a range of soils in forest plantations in the summer rainfall regions of South Africa. In' all cases compaction resulted in the 'flattening' of the S-shaped water retentivity curve expressed on either a mass or volumetric basis. This had the implicit effect ofiowering the water release index (a log-linear plot of matric potential against water content). A clear relationship between available water capacity (AWC) and bulk density and soil type was not discernible since changes in water retentivity curves following compaction are deperident upon the complex relationship between compressive processes, soil properties and pore geometry. AWC,responded to compaction in three ways: (i) AWC was reduced with increasing compaction (most soils); (ii)increasing compaction resulted in increasing AWC (some sandy and clayey soils) and (iii) increasing compaction resulted in increasing AWC up to a point after which it declined. In general, field capacity (FC) increased with increasing compaction when water content was expressed on a volumetric basis but no clear trends were apparent on a mass basis. Effects of compaction on AWC depend upon the designated matric potential for FC which is often arbitrarily defined since it may vary for different s.oils and crops. Changes in pore geometry are better reflected by the expression of the water content on a mass basis without consideration of volume effects. From a practical point of view, however, changes in available water are better expressed on a volumetric basis.Die rela~iewe effek van kompaksie op die waterretensie eienskappe van 'n reeks gronde in bosbouplantasies van die somerreenvalgebied in Suid Afrika is bestudeer. In aile gevalle het kompaksie die'afplatting' van die S-vormige waterretensiekromme tot gevolg gehad, hetsy die kromme op 'n massa-of volumebasis uitgedruk is. Dit impliseer 'n afname in die watervrylatings-indeks (d.i. die gradient van die lineere gedeelte van 'n grafiese voorstelling: matrikspotensiaal versus waterinhoud op 'n log-lineere skaal). 'n Duidelike verwantskap tussen beskikbare waterkapasiteit en brutodigtheid of grondtipe kon nie ge'identifiseer word nie omdat veranderinge in die waterretensiekurwes na kompaksie afhanklik is van die komplekse verwantskap tussen kompakterende prosesse, grondeienskappe en die vorm van grondporiee. Kompaksie het die beskikbare waterkapasitiet (BWK) op drie maniere beTnvloed: Toenemende kompaksie het (i) BWK verminder in meeste gronde; .(ii) BWK vergroot in spmmige sande~ige en kleierige gronde en (iii) BWK verhoog tot op 'n punt waarna dit verlaag is in sommige . gronde. Met waterinhoud uitgedruk op 'n volumebasis toon veldwaterkapasiteit oor die algemeen 'n toename met toenemende k6mpaksie, maar wanneer waterinhoud op 'n massabasis uitgedruk word, is 'n duidelike tendens nie waarneeri,baar nie. Veldwaterkapasiteit is gewoonli~ 'n arbitrer gekose syfer omdat dit kan v~rieer tussen grondtipes en verskille...

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“…Samples were prepared following similar procedures to those of Hill and Sumner (1967) and Mirreh and Ketcheson (1972). Air-dry sieved « 2 mm) soil was used to prepare the soil cores.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of soil compaction on the water retention characteristics of soils in forest plantations

Smith¹,

Johnston²,

Lorentz

2001

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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“…The situation is complicated by the variability in soil strength and the number of soil properties found to affect it (Cassel et al, 1978;Tsegaye and Hill, 1998). Soil properties affecting strength include texture and organic matter content (Spivey et a1.,1986), water content (Ayers and Perumperal, 1982;Busscher et al, 1997;Lehrsch et al, 1982), bulk density (Taylor and Gardner, 1963;Camp and Lund, 1968;Mirreh and Ketcheson, 1972), cementation (Poch and Verplancke, 1997), and profile soil property variation (Cassel et al, 1978). Sojka et al (1991) found a strong correlation between mean profile soil strength and corn (Zea mays L.) yield on Norfolk loamy sand, a southeastern Coastal Plain Paleudult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Strength, Bulk Density, and Water Content Relationships of a Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid Soil

Sojka

Busscher²,

Lehrsch

2001

Soil Science

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Compaction significantly reduces yield, quality, and profitability of irrigated crops in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW). Compaction assessment is usually done via bulk density measurement, even though crops respond negatively to excessive compaction largely because of root penetration (soil strength) limitations, not because of bulk density per se. For most soils, strength is thought to depend primarily on the interaction of water content and bulk density. We hypothesized that the soil strength (expressed as cone index) of an important PNW soil, Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid), could be predicted for a given bulk density or water content and that it would increase with increasing bulk density and decreasing water content. To test this, the in situ cone index, the bulk density and water content profile of a 1.5-ha field was intensively sampled three times over a 2-year period, producing 688 data triplets. These data were used to produce soil water strength-bulk density response surface relationships using robust curve fitting. Cone index relationships were poor when derived from full-profile data sets but improved when data were segregated by depths. When grouped by depth intervals, cone indices of individual layers were always correlated strongly with soil water content, but not always with bulk density. The high calcium carbonate content of this soil was thought to have produced cementation effects on the cone index that varied with prolonged wetting versus prolonged drying. Variability among in situ strength penetrations and bulk density cores was also thought to reduce model accuracy. The difficulties inherent in developing the comprehensive relationships of soil strength to bulk density, and the overriding dependency of strength on the dynamic variable of water content, suggest great uncertainty when using bulk density sampling for realistic assessment of overall soil status affecting root restriction or crop performance unless sampling is extensive and the relationships between strength, bulk density, and water content have been intensively documented for an individual soil. (Soil Science 2001;166: 520-529)

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“…A resistência à penetração depende da densidade do solo e do teor de umidade deste, aumentando com a diminuição da umidade e com o aumento da densidade (Mirreh & Ketcheson, 1972). Sendo assim, a maior resistência da trilha, em relação às demais classes, seria função da maior densidade do solo sob este tratamento, uma vez que, no momento da leitura, os valores de umidade volumétrica não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as diferentes classes (Figura 4).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito da colheita seletiva de madeira sobre algumas características físicas de um latossolo amarelo sob floresta na Amazônia Central

Mello-Ivo

Ross²

2006

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Influence of Soil Bulk Density and Matric Pressure on Soil Resistance to Penetration

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

The effect of soil compaction on the water retention characteristics of soils in forest plantations

The effect of soil compaction on the water retention characteristics of soils in forest plantations

In Situ Strength, Bulk Density, and Water Content Relationships of a Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid Soil

Efeito da colheita seletiva de madeira sobre algumas características físicas de um latossolo amarelo sob floresta na Amazônia Central

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