Influence of Soil Aging and Stabilization with Compost on Zn and Cu Fractionation, Stability, and Mobility

Abstract

To determine the effect of soil aging (1, 12, or 24 months) and compost maturation time on metal redistribution and mobility, soil artificially contaminated with Zn and Cu was stabilized with compost for 35, 24, or 12 months. The compost was produced from municipal sewage sludge, wood chips, rape straw, and grass, matured for 3 or 12 months, then used as a soil amendment at a dosage of 20% (w/w). The total time in each series, including aging of spiked soil and its stabilization with compost, was 36 months. The results showed that soil aging reduced CaCl 2 extractable Zn fraction and increased Zn stability (as reduced partition index, I R ) more than compost addition, which only reduced Zn mobility in soils that had been aged for 1 and 12 months. However, after soil that had been previously aged 1 month was incubated with compost for one year, Zn mobility started to increase. Composts did not influence the changes in the I R of Zn over time. In contrast, compost addition increased Cu stability more than soil aging did, whereas soil aging and compost addition had a negligible effect on Cu mobility. The I R of Cu in all amended soils averaged 0.51, and reached a maximum of 0.57 12 months after addition of compost to soil previously aged for 12 months. Importantly, the maturation time of compost did not affect the mobility or stability of either metal.

Quality of heavy metal-contaminated soil before and after column flushing with washing agents derived from municipal sewage sludge

“…5 kg) was spiked with a mixture of Cu, Pb, and Zn (in form of nitrate salts) for concentrations typical in soil from a metallurgical area in Poland 15 , 16 . After spiking, the soil was incubated for 3 months at room temperature to reach equilibrium (earlier studies indicate that the most intense changes in the distribution of HMs in soil occur within 3 months from spiking 17 – 19 . Finally, the soil was air-dried and kept in a closed polyethylene container for further analyses and experiments.…”

Metal (Loid)s in Farmland Soils and Strategies to Reduce Bioavailability

“…It is well known that metal availability decreases as the soil ages [83][84][85][86][87]. During aging, as moved from the more available (non-specifi cally and specifi cally sorbed) to less available (amorphous and crystallized Fe/Al) fractions while Pb moved from the fi rst three fractions (exchangeable, carbonate and Fe/ Mn hydroxide) to organic fraction [88]).…”

Using Compost, Zeolite and Calcium Oxide to Limit the Effect of Chromium (III) and (VI) on the Content of Trace Elements in Plants

“…PH is treated as an indicator of changes in the properties of soil, because under the influence of external factors, it is the first to undergo changes. It influences (directly and indirectly) many mechanisms leading to the mobilization heavy metals, and determines the strength of binds of heavy metals by organic and mineral matter, and their bioavailability to plants (Gusiatin, Kulikowska 2016, Imtiaz et al 2016Zhang et al 2016). In the carried out studies, compost, zeolite and CaO significantly affected the content of Cr in the above-ground parts of plants -spring rapeseed and yellow lupine (Fig.…”