Influence of Social Adversity on Perceived Health Status and Depressive Symptoms among Portuguese Older People

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how exposure to poverty, food insecurity, and abuse at older ages relates to health outcomes. A questionnaire collecting data on sociodemographic and economic characteristics, health status, depressive symptoms, food insecurity, and abuse was administered to a sample of 677 older adults. Logistic regression was used to quantify the association of poverty, food insecurity, and abuse with perceived health status and depressive symptoms. If the older person only reported experiences of abuse, it was more likely to report the presence of depressive symptoms, even after adjustment for covariates. If it was only reported the experience of food insecurity, it was more likely to report a worse health status. Older people exposed to at least two factors of vulnerability were significantly more likely to report (very) poor perceived health status (OR: 7.11, 95% CI: 2.77–18.25) and the presence of relevant depressive symptoms (OR: 4.34; 95% CI: 2.04–9.22). Thus, the combined effect of vulnerabilities was significantly associated with worse health among older people. Public health policies to mitigate these adverse exposures should be developed to promote health and well-being in this population.

Psychological and Social Vulnerability in Spaniards’ Quality of Life in the Face of COVID-19: Age and Gender Results

“…There is a wide range of vulnerabilities that can occur in old age, such as health-related loss of consciousness, specific physical needs, abuse, or financial limitations. They all have very significant influences on the quality of life of older people [ 15 ]. However, there are other dimensions of vulnerability that can emerge over the course of one’s life, such as long-term unemployment, employment precarity, and eventually retirement [ 16 ].…”

“…In many countries, retirees do not receive adequate financial support, despite the fact that their health expenses are usually higher. This makes older people vulnerable to economic insecurity [ 15 ].…”