Influence of soaking, fermentation and phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility in pigs offered a grower diet based on wheat and barley

Lyberg, K.; Lundh, Torbjörn; Pedersen, Carsten; Lindberg, Jan Erik

doi:10.1017/asc2006109

Cited by 80 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This increased ATTD of P for BDS by 9 percentage units compared with BDD. Similarly, soaking (1 h, 10°C) or fermentation (23.5 h, 50% residue in the tank) of feed based on wheat, barley, soybean meal and rapeseed meal increased ATTD of P by 7 and 10 percentage units, respectively (Lyberg et al, 2006). Common for these diets were that they, as BDS, contained plant phytases (due to inclusion of wheat and barley) initiating phytate degradation during soaking or fermentation before feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytase is dormant in dry conditions but is activated to degrade phytate in wet conditions. Thus, use of liquid feeding seems to be a promising strategy to further enhance the P digestibility compared with dry feeding due to the initiation of the phytate degradation in the tank before feeding (Liu et al, 1997;Lyberg et al, 2006;Blaabjerg et al, 2010b). However, more knowledge about the potential of liquid feeding without and with microbial phytase is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Blaabjerg

Thomassen

Poulsen

2015

Animal

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The objective was to evaluate the effect of microbial phytase (1250 FTU/kg diet with 88% dry matter (DM)) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of phosphorus (P) in pigs fed a dry or soaked diet. Twenty-four pigs (65 ± 3 kg) from six litters were used. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and fed one of four diets for 12 days; 5 days for adaptation and 7 days for total, but separate collection of feces and urine. The basal diet was composed of wheat, barley, maize, soybean meal and no mineral phosphate. Dietary treatments were: basal dry-fed diet (BDD), BDD with microbial phytase (BDD + phy), BDD soaked for 24 h at 20°C before feeding (BDS) and BDS with microbial phytase (BDS + phy). Supplementation of microbial phytase increased ATTD of DM and crude protein (N × 6.25) by 2 and 3 percentage units (P < 0.0001; P < 0.001), respectively. The ATTD of P was affected by the interaction between microbial phytase and soaking (P = 0.02). This was due to a greater increase in ATTD of P by soaking of the diet containing solely plant phytase compared with the diet supplemented with microbial phytase: 35%, 65%, 44% and 68% for BDD, BDD + phy, BSD and BSD + phy, respectively. As such, supplementation of microbial phytase increased ATTD of P in the dry-fed diet, but not in the soaked diet. The higher ATTD of P for BDS compared with BDD resulted from the degradation of 54% of the phytate in BDS by wheat and barley phytases during soaking. On the other hand, soaking of BDS + phy did not increase ATTD of P significantly compared with BDD + phy despite that 76% of the phytate in BDS + phy was degraded before feeding. In conclusion, soaking of BDS containing solely plant phytase provided a great potential for increasing ATTD of P. However, this potential was not present when microbial phytase (1250 FTU/kg diet) was supplemented, most likely because soaking of BDS + phy for 24 h at 20°C did not result in a complete degradation of phytate before feeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Blaabjerg

Thomassen

Poulsen

2015

Animal

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“…The activity of phytase depends mainly on pH, temperature, dose, and diet composition [24][25][26][27]. Phytase supplementation has mostly been studied in monogastric animals, and improvement of the P digestibility has been observed in Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization Kebreab, Hansen and Strathe 873 [33,34] poultry [21,28 ] and swine [22,29]. However, there is a wide variation in the effect of phytase added at the same phytase dose and type of diet [30], contributing to its unreliability in diet formulation.…”

Section: Use Of Enzymes In Animal Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of fermented liquid feeding or soaking of dry feed for swine is a method to pre-digest phytate before feeding. When the feed is mixed with water, phytate will be subjected to degradation by microbial or plant phytases [33][34][35][36]. The degree of phytate degradation depends on phytase concentration in the plant, addition and type of microbial phytase, soaking or fermentation time and whether or not the cereal was heat-treated before mixing into the ration [34].…”

Section: Management and Genetic Manipulation Of Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock

Kebreab

Hansen

Strathe

2012

Current Opinion in Biotechnology

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for livestock but its efficiency of utilization is below 40%, contributing to environmental issues. In this review, we summarize recent approaches to optimize P availability in livestock diets and improve its utilization efficiency. Phase feeding could potentially reduce P excretion by 20%. Addition of phytase enzymes to diets increased P availability from 42 to 95%. Low phytate transgenic plants and transgenic animals increased P availability by 14% and 52-99%, respectively. In practice, a combination of phase feeding and enzymes has the highest potential for P reduction but legislation and ethics implications will prevent using transgenic animals in the short term. Functional and nutritional genomics may provide tools to improve efficiency in the future.

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“…Liquid feeding with the presence of endogenous phytase or microbial phytase addition has been shown to improve P digestibility in pigs because of the degradation of phytate before feeding (Lyberg et al, 2006;Blaabjerg and Poulsen, 2010;Blaabjerg et al, 2010b). However, the effect of liquid feeding on the degradation of phytate depends on the type of feed, feed processing, phytase activity and soaking/ fermentation time (Carlson and Poulsen, 2003;Blaabjerg et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation in incubated maize and soybean meal

Blaabjerg

Poulsen

2014

Animal

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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of screen size (1, 2 and 3 mm) and microbial phytase (0 and 1000 FTU/kg as-fed) on phytate degradation in maize (100% maize), soybean meal (100% SBM) and maize-SBM (75% maize and 25% SBM) incubated in water for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h at 38°C. Samples were analysed for pH, dry matter and phytate phosphorus (P). Particle size distribution (PSD) and average particle size (APS) of samples were measured by the Laser Diffraction and Bygholm method. PSD differed between the two methods, whereas APS was similar. Decreasing screen size from 3 to 1 mm reduced APS by 48% in maize, 30% in SBM and 26% in maize-SBM. No interaction between screen size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation was observed, but the interaction between microbial phytase and incubation time was significant ( P < 0.001). This was because microbial phytase reduced phytate P by 88% in maize, 84% in maize-SBM and 75% in SBM after 2 h of incubation ( P < 0.05), whereas the reduction of phytate P was limited (<50%) in the feeds, even after 24 h when no microbial phytase was added. The exponential decay model was fitted to the feeds with microbial phytase to analyse the effect of screen size and feed on microbial phytase efficacy on phytate degradation. The interaction between screen size and feed affected the relative phytate degradation rate ( R d ) of microbial phytase as well as the time to decrease 50% of the phytate P ( t1 = 2 ) ( P < 0.001). Thus, changing from 3 to 1 mm screen size increased R d by 22 and 10%/h and shortened t1 = 2 by 0.4 and 0.2 h in maize and maize-SBM, respectively ( P < 0.05), but not in SBM. Moreover, the screen size effect was more pronounced in maize and maize-SBM compared with SBM as a higher phytate degradation rate constant (K d ) and R d , and a shorter t1 = 2 was observed in maize compared with SBM in all screen sizes ( P < 0.05). However, a higher amount of degraded phytate was achieved in SBM than in maize because of the higher initial phytate P content in SBM. In conclusion, reducing screen size from 3 to 1 mm increased K d and R d and decreased t1 = 2 in maize and maize-SBM with microbial phytase. The positive effect of grinding on improving microbial phytase efficacy, which was expressed as K d , R d and t1 = 2 , was greater in maize than in SBM.

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Influence of soaking, fermentation and phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility in pigs offered a grower diet based on wheat and barley

Cited by 80 publications

References 24 publications

Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Microbial phytase addition resulted in a greater increase in phosphorus digestibility in dry-fed compared with liquid-fed non-heat-treated wheat–barley–maize diets for pigs

Animal production for efficient phosphate utilization: from optimized feed to high efficiency livestock

Effect of particle size and microbial phytase on phytate degradation in incubated maize and soybean meal

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