Influence of Sn on the age hardening behavior of Al–Mg–Si alloys at different temperatures

Zhang, Xingpu; Liu, Meng; Sun, Haiming; Banhart, John

doi:10.1016/j.mtla.2019.100441

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…But when aged at high temperature (210 °C and 225 °C), Sn accelerates the hardening responses and increase the peakaged hardness. 15 A similar observation was also reported by Zhang et al 16 and further the authors concluded that at an artificial ageing temperature of 180 °C, the effect of Sn on age hardness depends on the composition of the Al-Mg-Si alloy. It was also reported 17 that in Mg-rich Al-Mg-Si alloy (Mg/Si = 1.7) at an ageing temperature of 180 °C, Sn (0.1 wt%) increases the number density of b 00 precipitate and improves the mechanical properties, whereas in Si-rich Al-Mg-Si alloy (Mg/Si = 0.58) at ageing temperature of 180 °C, Sn (1.1 wt%) weakens the strengthening effect of the b 00 precipitate and thereby decreases the mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si alloy.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…11,12 The effect of alloying Sn on the mechanical properties of the Al-Mg-Si alloy very much depends on the Mg/Si ratio and the ageing temperature. [13][14][15][16][17][18] At pre-aged (110 °C) and paint bake (165 °C) conditions, the negative effect of Sn (0.04 wt%) on the mechanical properties in high Mg-rich Al-Mg-Si alloy (Mg/Si = * 2) was observed by Glockel et al 14 However, the simultaneous addition of Zn (3 wt%) and Sn was found to prevent the negative effect and significantly improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. This was because Sn suppresses Mg-Si co-cluster formation, whereas Zn promotes Mg-Si co-cluster formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Structure–Property Correlation of Al–Mg–Si Alloys Micro-alloyed with Sn

Baruah¹,

Borah²

2021

Inter Metalcast

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of the cast and wrought Al-Mg-Si alloy micro-alloyed with 0.04 wt% and 0.08 wt% Sn were investigated at various processing conditions, viz. as-cast, solutionised, homogenised, hot rolled and peak-aged. Additionally, fracture surfaces of the alloys were also examined in the as-cast, peak-aged cast and peak-aged rolled conditions. It was observed that 0.04 wt% Sn favours the formation of a lamella-like eutectic Al ? Mg 2 Si, whereas 0.08 wt% Sn favours the formation of plate/rod-like Mg 2 Si. The formation of the former deteriorated the hardness and tensile strength, but improves the ductility, whereas the formation of the later was found to contribute to the hardness, tensile strength as well as ductility of the Al-Mg-Si alloy. Homogenisation treatment had reduced the hardness of all the alloys to the lowest value due to the dissolution and spheroidisation of the intermetallic phases. However, hot rolling had significantly increased the hardness, tensile strength and ductility of the alloys. Thus, the increase in hardness, tensile strength and ductility were more prominent in the peakaged rolled alloys relative to the peak-aged cast alloys. At the studied processing stages, the hardness and tensile strength of Al-Mg-Si alloy were found to decrease with the addition of 0.04 wt% Sn and increase with the addition of 0.08 wt% Sn. However, the ductility increased with Sn addition, and the increment was more prominent when micro-alloyed with 0.04 wt% Sn. Improvement in ductility in 0.04 wt% Sn alloy could be attributed to the formation of script-like Al(Fe, Mn)Si phase, whereas in 0.08 wt% Sn alloy could be attributed to the formation of ductile Mg 2 (Si, Sn) phase. Furthermore, the fractography study had revealed that the fracture in the alloys was mainly developed by the cracking of Al(Fe, Mn)Si intermetallic particles. The fractures mode in the as-cast and peak-aged cast alloys was mainly by transgranular brittle with a cleavage fracture surface, whereas in the peak-aged rolled alloys was mainly by transgranular ductile with a dimpled fracture surface.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structure–Property Correlation of Al–Mg–Si Alloys Micro-alloyed with Sn

Baruah¹,

Borah²

2021

Inter Metalcast

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“…For alloy 6014-70Sn, the found retarded hardness and resistivity increase during NA can be explained by the strong interaction between Sn atoms and vacancies with an energy around 0.25 to 0.28 eV [31,32]. Our previous work has also revealed that even at a temperature as high as 250 °C vacancies can be bound by Sn for a notable period [26]. As a result, vacancy-assisted solute diffusion is retarded and NA kinetics is slowed down.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

J Mater Sci

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Both Sn addition and pre-ageing are known to be effective in maintaining the artificial ageing potential after natural ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys. In this study, the combined effects of Sn addition and pre-ageing at 100 °C or 180 °C on natural secondary ageing and subsequent artificial ageing of an alloy AA6014 were investigated using hardness, electrical resistivity, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy characterizations. It is found that pre-ageing can suppress natural secondary ageing and improve the artificial ageing hardening kinetics and response after 1 week of natural secondary ageing in both alloys with and without Sn addition. The effect of pre-ageing at 100 °C is more pronounced in the Sn-free alloy while the combination of pre-ageing at 180 °C and adding Sn shows superiority in suppressing natural secondary ageing and thus avoiding the undesired hardening before artificial ageing. Moreover, when natural ageing steps up to 8 h are applied before pre-ageing at 100 °C, the effect of pre-ageing in Sn-added alloy can be further improved. The influence of Sn on vacancies at different ageing temperatures is discussed to explain the observed phenomena. Graphical abstract

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“…In recent years, several investigations [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] have revealed that the trace addition of Sn in this Al-Mg-Si alloy can reduce the negative effect of natural aging. At present, it is generally accepted that Sn can reduce the number density of atomic clusters formed in the alloys during the natural aging process [19][20][21]25], and thereby suppress the natural aging effect of the alloy. Tu et al found that the effect of Sn increased along with the amount added [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Liu et al and Xiang et al found that the precipitation sequence of alloy with high Mg content aged at 250 • C could be changed by adding Sn, and therefore the age-hardening ability of this alloy can be significantly improved [23,24]. Zhang et al found that the age-hardening ability of 6014 alloy aged at 180 • C and higher was increased by adding Sn [25]. Tu et al found that the adverse effect of Sn on the artificial aging behavior of natural aged Al-Mg-Si alloy could be overcome by an increased artificial aging temperature [21] or joint addition of Sn and Cu [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Trace Addition of Sn on the Aging Behavior of Al–Mg–Si Alloy with a Different Mg/Si Ratio

Tang

et al. 2020

Materials

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In this paper, the effect of trace Sn on the precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloys with different Mg/Si ratios aged at 180 °C was investigated using hardness measurements, a room-temperature tensile test, transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The results shown that Sn reduces the precipitation activation energy, increases the number density of β″ precipitates, and then increased the aging hardenability and mechanical properties of the Al–Mg–Si alloy. However, the positive effect of Sn on the mechanical properties of the Al–Mg–Si alloy drops with the decrease of the Mg/Si ratio of the alloy.

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Influence of Sn on the age hardening behavior of Al–Mg–Si alloys at different temperatures

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Structure–Property Correlation of Al–Mg–Si Alloys Micro-alloyed with Sn

Structure–Property Correlation of Al–Mg–Si Alloys Micro-alloyed with Sn

Combined effect of Sn addition and pre-ageing on natural secondary and artificial ageing of Al–Mg–Si alloys

Effect of a Trace Addition of Sn on the Aging Behavior of Al–Mg–Si Alloy with a Different Mg/Si Ratio

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