“…However, MgO can crack easily and Mg(OH) 2 can roll up due to residual stress [32,33]. Therefore, the composition and structure of the oxide/hydroxide film are often reinforced by adding an active metal [34][35][36][37][38], such as aluminum [39], or a heavy metal (such as iron and nickel) [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. However, precipitates, such as heavy metal-magnesium compounds, act as local cathodes during corrosion [51], which has prompted the development of low heavy metal content alloys.…”