Influence of Smoking on the Location of Acute Myocardial Infarctions

Alemu, Rahel; Fuller, Eileen E.; Harper, John F.; Feldman, Mark

doi:10.5402/2011/174358

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[24,25] Cigarette smoking increases the risk for AMI by multiple and complex mechanisms. [26] With respect to atherogenesis, smoking increases serum LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and reduces serum HDL-cholesterol. Furthermore, cigarette smoke promotes free radical damage to LDL, leading to accumulation of oxidized LDL-cholesterol within the arterial wall.…”

Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review

Rathore¹

2018

EJMI

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A cute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common diseases among the developing countries. [1] It is commonly known as a heart attack, which occurs when there is a sudden block in blood flow in one or more of the coronary arteries and this cut off blood supply to a part of the heart muscle, causing necrosis (massive cell death, a permanent damage). If the block is severe, the heart can stop beating (cardiac arrest). This is most commonly due to occlusion or blockage of a coronary artery following the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque which is an unstable collection of lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids) and white blood cells (especially macrophages) in the wall of an artery. Myocardial infarction usually begins in the endocardium and spread towards the epicardium. [2-5] There are many symptoms of acute myocardial infarction but the most common is chest pain, which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck or jaw. This type of pain always starts from the center or left side of the chest and remains for few minutes. The onset of symptoms in acute myocar-dial infarction is usually gradual, over several minutes and rarely instantaneous. [6-8] The incidence of myocardial infarction in the world varies greatly. In the United States and United Kingdom, nearly 650.000 and 180.000 patients get an acute myocardial infarction every year, respectively. [9] Worldwide, more than 3 million people have STEMIs and 4 million have NSTEMIs. [10] Indians are four time more prone to AMI as compared to the people of other countries due to a combination of the genetic and lifestyle factors that promote metabolic dysfunction. [11] The incidence of myocardial infarction in India is 64.37/1000 people. [12] The mortality rate of myocardial infarction is approximately 30% and for every 1 in 25 patients who survive the initial hospitalization, dies in the first year after AMI. [11] In India, 31.7% of deaths occur due to myocardial infarction. Incidence of cardiovascular diseases was about 7% in 1970 and increased upto 32% in 2011 in India. [13]

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Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review

Rathore¹

2018

EJMI

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“…1 Ello expone a la población de estas zonas en riesgo a padecer enfermedades ligadas al consumo de tabaco, que, además, carece de los medios para afrontar los costos económicos derivados. [2][3][4][5] Panamá es uno de los países con la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco más baja en América con 6.4%. El mercado está constituido por los cigarrillos industriales en casi 98% y son importados en su totalidad.…”

Section: S89unclassified

Factores socioeconómicos asociados con la compra ilegal de productos de tabaco en Panamá

et al. 2017

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Objetivo. Caracterizar la compra ilegal de productos derivados del tabaco y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas. Material y métodos. La fuente de datos es la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaco en Adultos de 2013. Se caracterizó la compra ilícita mediante variables sociodemográficas (SOD) y socioeconómicas (SES). Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística. Resultados. Se encontraron asociaciones de las variables SOD y SES con compra ilegal, particularmente en hombres; grupo etario de 15 a 39 años, educación no formal, empleado de gobierno e inactivos, área urbana, fumador diario y en el primer quintil de ingresos. Conclusiones. Las variables SOD y SES influyen en la compra ilícita. Es importante la vigilancia del comercio ilícito en el segmento minorista y la aplicación efectiva de las normas vigentes.

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“…[1], [2] Tobacco smoke affects humans in 2 different ways: by direct smoke while smoking or by the effects of second hand smoke (SHS). SHS is difficult to avoid when there are no regulations for smokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Tobacco Control Policies and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Hospital Admissions Data

Jan

Lee

Roa³

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of a nationwide comprehensive smoking ban (CSB) and tobacco tax increase (TTI) on the risk of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) in Panama for the period of 2006 – 2010 using hospital admissions data.MethodsData of AMI cases was gathered from public and private hospitals in the country for the period of January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010. The number of AMI cases was calculated on a monthly basis. The risk of AMI was estimated for the pre-CSB period (January 2006 to April 2008) and was used as a reference point. Three post-intervention periods were examined: (1) post-CSB from May 2008 to April 2009 (12 months); (2) post-CSB from May 2009 to November 2009 (7 months); and (3) post-TTI from December 2009 to December 2010 (13 months). Relative risks (RR) of AMI were estimated for each post intervention periods by using a Poisson regression model. Mortality registries for the country attributed to myocardial infarction (MI) were obtained from January 2001 to December 2012. The annual percentage change (APC) of the number of deaths from MI was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsA total sample size of 2191 AMI cases was selected (monthly mean number of cases 36.52±8.24 SD). Using the pre-CSB as a reference point (RR = 1.00), the relative risk of AMI during the first CSB period, the second CSB period and post-TTI were 0.982, 1.049, and 0.985, respectively. The APC of deaths from MI from January 2001 to April 2008 was 0.5%. From January 2001 to June 2010 the APC trend was 0.47% and from July 2010 to December 2012 the APC was –0.3%.ConclusionsThe implementation of a CSB and TTI in Panama were associated with a decrease in tobacco consumption and a reduction of the RR of AMI.

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Influence of Smoking on the Location of Acute Myocardial Infarctions

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review

Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review

Factores socioeconómicos asociados con la compra ilegal de productos de tabaco en Panamá

The Association of Tobacco Control Policies and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Hospital Admissions Data

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