Influence of slope geometry and nail parameters on the stability of soil-nailed slopes

Rotte, Veerabhadra M.; Viswanadham, B. V. S.; Chourasia, D.

doi:10.3328/ijge.2011.05.03.267-281

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In Fig. 5a for slopes having 45° of inclination, the optimum nail inclination (β opt ) was in a range between 10º and 20° and it was consistent with the previous studies by Lin et al [16] and Rotte et al [20]. In Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Nail Inclinationsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In previous studies about soil nails, many researchers have used various methods to study the effectiveness of soil nail on slope stability. Particularly, limit equilibrium method (LEM), finite element method (FEM), and finite different method (FDM) are the common techniques to analyze slope stability.LEM is currently the typical stability analysis and still has been used widely in recent research [8,11,13,20,25]. The result from those studies showed that the factor of safety initially increased with the increase of nail inclination until reaching the optimum inclination angle and then steadily decreased.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LEM is currently the typical stability analysis and still has been used widely in recent research [8,11,13,20,25]. The result from those studies showed that the factor of safety initially increased with the increase of nail inclination until reaching the optimum inclination angle and then steadily decreased.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Numerical evaluation on steep soil-nailed slope using finite element method

2021

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In conventional design of soil-nailed slope, the nail parameters such as nail spacing (1–2 m), and nail inclination (10º–20º) have been recommended without considering any specific slope angle. Henceforth, this paper presents a numerical evaluation on the soil-nailed slope with flexible facing based on the finite element method in order to investigate the range of those two parameters with any size of nail head in various slope angles (45º, 55º, 65º, and 75º). Based on a minimum factor of safety (FSmin = 1.5), the analysis results indicated that the suggested range of those parameters in the conventional specification was applicable in the slope angle of 45º and 55º with any sizes of nail head. Nevertheless, it was not practical for slope angle of 65º and 75º, which required the size of nail head at least 400 × 400 × 250 mm, with nail spacing less than or equal to 1.5 m, and nail inclination from 5º to 10º.

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Section: Effect Of Nail Inclinationsupporting

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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Numerical evaluation on steep soil-nailed slope using finite element method

2021

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“…In this study, a FEM computer program will be used to analyze and evaluate twoand three-dimensional unreinforced and soil-nailed reinforced slopes. Specifically, the work in this study extends the two-dimensional work performed in the published literature (Rotte et. al., 2011;Wanstreet, 2007;Fan and Luo, 2007;Griffiths and Lane, 1999).…”

Section: Traditional Slope Stabilizing Techniquessupporting

confidence: 76%

Three-Dimensional Stability Analyses of Soil-Nailed Slopes by Finite Element Method

Stauffer¹

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Modern computer capabilities enable complex slope stability problems to be analyzed using the finite element method (FEM), including three-dimensional slopes. This research presents the results of analyzing two-and three-dimensional, unreinforced and soil-nailed, reinforced slopes. Previously performed two-dimensional slopes were modeled as three-dimensional slopes in an effort to validate the modeling technique. The Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) Method was used throughout this study to determine the Factor of Safety (FOS). Both two-and three-dimensional FEM models compared well with conventional, two-dimensional Limit-Equilibrium (L-E) results. Overall, results show that the FEM is an extremely diverse and robust alternative to conventional, L-E slope stability analyses, especially when complex site geometries or conditions exist. When modeling two-dimensional, unreinforced soil slopes using FEM, the most efficient and accurate element type that provides an acceptable failure mechanism is the CPE4 (4-noded bilinear quadrilateral) element in conjunction with either the Mohr-Coulomb or Drucker-Prager soil failure yielding criteria. When modeling threedimensional, unreinforced soil slopes using FEM, the most efficient and accurate element type that provides an acceptable failure mechanism is the C3D8 (8-noded linear brick) element in conjunction with the Mohr-Coulomb soil failure yielding criteria. Although the Drucker-Prager soil yielding criteria assumptions seem to offer more potential for three-dimensional applications, this study found no significant benefit from its use. For unreinforced slopes, three-dimensional, unit-width FEM models provide identical results to FEM slope models with depth, when end conditions are not considered. For soil-nailed reinforced slopes, three-dimensional, unit-width FEM models yield FOS values marginally higher than two-dimensional FEM and L-E models for all slope angles. Unit-width FEM models provide designers with a valuable tool for performing parametric studies and preliminary design. Three-dimensional FEM models of soil-nailed reinforced slopes can be used to effectively determine the soil nail orientation that yields the highest FOS, also known as the optimum soil nail orientation. For slopes with a level backfill, the optimum soil nail orientation (in degrees measured downward from horizontal) can be first approximated using the equation 58º-0.6β, where β is the slope angle in degrees. Three-dimensional FEM models can also be used to effectively determine the most efficient soil nail length. For slope heights of about 10 meters, the most efficient soil nail length can be first approximated using a soil nail length to slope height ratio equal to 1.0. A maximum vertical soil nail spacing of 2.4 meters and 1.9 meters is recommended for soil-nailed slopes with slope angles less than or equal to 60° and greater than 60°, respectively. A maximum horizontal soil nail spacing less than 1.9 meters is recommended for soil-nailed slopes for all slope angles. When performing three-di...

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“…In the reference [23] studied the influence of slope geometry and nail parameters on the stability of soil-nailed slopes and they obtain that mobilization of axial forces in nails significantly depends on its inclination with respect to the slip surface. They said that nails inserted at the bottom portion of the slope primarily develop tensile forces whereas the nails inserted at the upper portion of the slope develop compressive forces.…”

Section: State Of the Art Of Nailed Soil Slopes Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Nailed Soil Slopes Research Development

Munawir¹

2017

GEOMATE

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The slope stability was researched over the past decades, understandings the behavior of nailed soil slopes, with their properties and characteristics, have guided to development of enhanced recognizing of the variation in nailed soil slopes parameters. Failures can arise over time, hence the identification of the necessities and the restrictions of laboratory and in situ testing for evaluating nailing parameter have to be deeply understood. Many researcher have enriched and refined the knowledges of the principles of soil nailing mechanics that associate soil behavior to slope stability and factor of safety. This paper is aimed to explore some of important state of the art development of nailed soil slope and analytical techniques extended by extensive investigation of the mechanics of slope stability analyses. The most significant effective parameter that play important role in slope safety factor in almost of many works are length, nailing angle, and distance between center to center of nails. Slope angle, connection of nailed head, the distance with toe and nail diameter were also the points that cannot be neglected in their study. Choosing the proper cable or pile element in the finite element modeling and the mobilized both axial and shear forces are also reviewed in this paper.

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Influence of slope geometry and nail parameters on the stability of soil-nailed slopes

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Numerical evaluation on steep soil-nailed slope using finite element method

Numerical evaluation on steep soil-nailed slope using finite element method

Three-Dimensional Stability Analyses of Soil-Nailed Slopes by Finite Element Method

On the Nailed Soil Slopes Research Development

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