Influence of slip-surface geometry on earth-flow deformation, Montaguto earth flow, southern Italy

Clayey Landslide Initiation and Acceleration Strongly Modulated by Soil Swelling

“…Two Towers is 250 m long and averages about 40 m wide and 7 m deep (Figures S1 to S3). The lateral boundaries of the landslide are approximately vertical to excavated depths of~2 m, as are those of many other earthflows and slowly moving landslides (e.g., Fleming & Johnson, 1989;Guerriero et al, 2014;Kelsey, 1978;Schulz et al, 2009). The lateral boundaries of the landslide are approximately vertical to excavated depths of~2 m, as are those of many other earthflows and slowly moving landslides (e.g., Fleming & Johnson, 1989;Guerriero et al, 2014;Kelsey, 1978;Schulz et al, 2009).…”

“…The landslide occurs in Franciscan Complex mélange primarily comprising mudstone, sandstone, greenstone, chert, serpentinite, and schist that is tectonically sheared and weathered to mixtures of clay, silt, sand, and rock fragments (Handwerger et al, 2013;Kelsey, 1978;Mackey & Roering, 2011;Roering et al, 2009). The landslide's ground surface is inclined on average~15°and is generally smooth and planar, suggesting a similarly smooth, planar base Coe et al, 2009;Guerriero et al, 2014). The landslide's ground surface is inclined on average~15°and is generally smooth and planar, suggesting a similarly smooth, planar base Coe et al, 2009;Guerriero et al, 2014).…”

“…Landslides also denude hillslopes and mobilize sediment that eventually impacts surface water bodies; in many regions, landslides are the primary agent of geomorphic change (Mackey & Roering, 2011;Roering et al, 2009;Schmidt & Montgomery, 1995;Simoni et al, 2013). Elevation of pore-water pressure is a primary cause of landslide failure and acceleration (e.g., Angeli et al, 1996;Bovis & Jones, 1992;Corominas et al, 2005;Fleming et al, 1988;Godt et al, 2008;Guerriero et al, 2014;Handwerger et al, 2013;Iverson, 2000Iverson, , 2005Iverson & Major, 1987;Keefer & Johnson, 1983;Lu & Likos, 2004;Malet et al, 2004;Montgomery et al, 1998;Schulz et al, 2009Schulz et al, , 2012Schulz et al, , 2017Skempton et al, 1989;Terzaghi, 1950;van Asch, 2005;van Asch et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2010). However, although long studied, the ability to predict future landslide behavior remains challenging.…”

Potential and Limitation of SPOT-5 Ortho-Image Correlation to Investigate the Cinematics of Landslides: The Example of “Mare à Poule d’Eau” (Réunion, France)

“…The displacement field of slow to moderate velocity landslides (1.5 m/year < v < 1.5 m/month, [1]) is a fundamental parameter to measure, for both applied and research purposes [2][3][4][5]. If followed for a long period of time and coupled with measurements of external parameters such as rainfall or seismic activity, the displacement field can constrain numerical models of landslide evolution [6,7] and is also essential for risk mitigation.…”

Brief Communication: A low-cost Arduino&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;-based wire extensometer for earth flow monitoring

“…Thus, most earth flows move faster during periods of high precipitation or snowmelt than during drier periods, and the correlation between precipitation and velocity is normally complex (Coe et al, 2003;Schulz et al, 2009). Earth flow surges can occur when prolonged rainfalls are associated with the loss of efficient drainage pathways (Handwerger et al, 2013) and new sediment becomes available in the source zone through retrogression of the upper boundary (e.g., Guerriero et al, 2014). In these conditions, the earth flow material can fluidize and fail catastrophically.…”