Influence of skin-effect on TDR-based diagnosis of transmission line

Transmission line model with skin effect for generic circuit simulator

“…This effort resulted -as mentioned in the introductionin providing some (commercial) circuit simulator with line model including frequency-dependent resistance. In work [3] SPECTRE simulator [4] was used to predict results of TDR [16] measurements of long (up to 2 km) transmission lines and available measurements results confirmed good quality of the model.…”

“…Implemented model was verified by comparison of results of ngspice simulations, SPECTRE simulations and measurements (coming from TDR-based DSL line diagnosis [3]). Test circuit is presented in Fig.…”

“…Skin effect is the main cause of signal dispersion while transmitting it through a transmission line, especially long one, so including the phenomenon in transmission line model is crucial for reliable simulation of certain circuits, like e.g. TDRbased field measurements of DSL (or other transmission lines) [3]. Appropriate models are available in commercial (and rather expensive) circuit simulators [4,5], but unfortunately most of the popular, spice-family simulators miss the feature.…”