Influence of Sintering Atmosphere, Temperature and the Solution-Annealing Treatment on the Properties of Precipitation-Hardening Sintered 17-4 PH Stainless Steel

Abstract

So far, unlike metal injection molding (MIM), conventional powder metallurgy technology (PM) has not been regarded as a method for producing structural elements from 17-4 PH powders, due to the problems of obtaining almost fully compacted shapes after sintering. Nevertheless, recent research demonstrates that it is possible to manufacture sintered parts with high strength by pressing and sintering. The purpose of the study was to determine the degree of densification of 17-4 PH sintered stainless steel during sintering at different temperatures and atmospheres. As a result of the study, it was pointed out that both the temperature and the sintering atmosphere play an essential role in the process of densification of the studied powders during sintering. The formation of delta ferrite and a more pronounced degree of spheroidization of the pores is activated by a higher sintering temperature. Furthermore, after solution-annealed and age-hardened treatment, sintered 17-4 PH stainless steel exhibits high strength with moderate ductility at a level that is difficult to achieve for other sintered stainless-steel grades, such as austenitic, ferritic and martensitic. In turn, the largest improvement in the pitting corrosion resistance in 0.5 M NaCl solution is reached by sintering at 1340 °C in hydrogen and after solid solution treatment.

Microstructure and Defect Analysis of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Fabricated by the Bound Metal Deposition Additive Manufacturing Technology

“…This result can be considered in good agreement with the current literature about binder jetting of 17-4PH [43] and highlights that phase composition can be tailored with material extrusion by changing the extrusion pattern. This is of particular importance since a δ-ferrite content below 10% allows for the mitigation of potentially detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of the final parts [18,44].…”

Effect of TiC Content on Microstructure and Wear Performance of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Composites Manufactured by Indirect Metal 3D Printing

“…Additionally, 17-4PH stainless steel is commonly used in metal additive manufacturing and has the advantages of a cheap price, good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, etc. It is widely used in the aerospace, mold, medical, automotive, and energy industries [1,10,11]. With the increasing complexity of the application environment, ceramic-reinforced metal composites have become a developing need.…”

Powder Metallurgy: Materials and Processing

“…The SI consists of 16 papers (published between 2022 and 2023): a review article [ 1 ], a viewpoint paper [ 2 ], a communication [ 3 ], and thirteen research articles [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The papers reflect the current trends in the field: the search for new compositions (not investigated previously) of materials and the development of new processing approaches enabling better control and flexibility of the materials’ microstructures, shapes, and architectures.…”

“…The research papers report recent findings in metallic [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], ceramic [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], polymer [ 3 ], and composite materials [ 3 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…The fabrication of high-entropy alloys via powder metallurgy methods has been presented by Moser et al [ 5 ] and Batraev et al [ 6 ]. The problem of producing parts from 17-4 PH stainless steel by pressing and sintering has been addressed by Kazior [ 4 ]. Noteworthy is the increasing attention to the possibilities of field-assisted sintering for the production of metallic alloys and composites, as seen in articles [ 5 , 8 , 14 ].…”