Influence of Simulated Quinclorac Drift on the Accumulation and Movement of Herbicide in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Plants

Abstract

Quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid) is a herbicide commonly used in rice, and its drift has been suspected of causing injury to off-target tomato fields throughout Arkansas. Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of single and multiple simulated quinclorac drift applications on tomato plant growth and development. Residues extracted from tomato plants treated with 0.42 g of ai ha(-1) were below the detection limit of liquid chromatography-double mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Quinclorac residue levels and half-lives in tomato tissue increased as the application rate and number of applications increased. From 3 to 72 h after (14)C-quinclorac treatment of plants, most of the absorbed (14)C was retained in the treated leaf, and translocations of (14)C out of the treated leaf of vegetative and flowering tomato plant tissues were similar. Of the (14)C that translocated out of the treated leaf, the greatest movement was acropetally. The flower cluster contained 1% of the total absorbed (14)C, which suggests the potential for quinclorac translocation into tomato fruit. More extensive research will be required to understand the impact that quinclorac may have on tomato production in the area.

Dose Response of Glyphosate and Dicamba on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Injury

“…In conclusion, the use of POST glyphosate and dicamba in areas with tomato production nearby has the potential to cause economic yield loss and potential contamination of the fruit with herbicide residues through translocation. Similar to other studies conducted (Jordan and Romanowsi 1974;Lovelace et al 2007Lovelace et al , 2009Romanowski 1980), low rates of growthregulator herbicides and glyphosate have the potential to cause yield loss. These low rates are typical of what would be observed in off-target drift from applications of these herbicides.…”

“…These estimates are considerably lower than those for glyphosate, indicating that tomatoes are more susceptible to dicamba than to glyphosate, especially in the vegetative stages. Lovelace et al 2009 found that translocation of quinclorac, another growth-regulator herbicide, throughout the plant was similar at the vegetative and reproductive stages. It is possible that the reason there is more flower loss at the second application timing is that there is a direct exposure of the flowers to the herbicide and therefore a greater concentration in those reproductive organs, causing greater abortion levels.…”

Evaluation of auxin tolerance in selected tomato germplasm under greenhouse and field conditions

“…Additionally, a reduction in plant fresh-weight accumulation was observed when quinclorac rate was increased from 0.42 to 4.2 g ai ha −1 (Lovelace et al 2007). Lovelace et al (2009) reported an increase in quinclorac residue in tomato tissue due to an increase in rate and number of quinclorac applications. Moreover, application of dicamba and 2,4-D caused injury in tomato, although the recorded yield loss from dicamba was greater than loss from 2, 4-D application (Jordan and Romanowski 1974).…”

“…Tomato is highly sensitive to some herbicides, particularly auxins, and drift of these herbicides onto tomato can lead to economic losses to farmers (Lovelace et al 2009;Romanowski 1980;Schmoll et al 2000). Off-target movement of auxin herbicides can cause economic losses by affecting yield production directly or by impacting the growth stages (vegetative and reproductive) (Christoffoleti et al 2015;Hemphill and Montgomery 1981;Kruger et al 2012;Lovelace et al 2007;Pazmiño et al 2011;Romero-Puertas et al 2004).…”

Effect of eugenol and guaiacol application on tomato aroma composition determined by headspace stir bar sorptive extraction

“…It is known that during the application of pesticides, chemical compounds enter the atmosphere due to spray drift, which can be deposited on adjacent areas and contaminate fruits and vegetables . This effect was observed in tomato by Bansal et al and Lovelace et al , who studied damage produced from pesticides that had drifted into tomato fields. Moreover, it was shown that grapes from grapevines exposed to smoke from forest fires absorbed volatiles present in the atmosphere and produced wines with smoky sensorial notes, with guaicol being the compound most affected .…”