Influence of Silybum Marianum on Morphine Addicted Rats, Biochemical Parameters and Molecular Simulation Studies on µ-Opioid Receptor

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate effects of medicinal plant (Silybum marianum) on the animals with treatment of morphine addiction compared to chemical drug (Naloxane). Also, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of Silybum marianum on factors of serum ALT, AST activities and activity of the antioxidant enzyme:superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the extent of lipid peroxidation of Morphine addicted rats.High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to measure Morphine in the serum, enzymes functions well as lipid peroxidation of Morphine addicted animals. Results demonstrate treatment with S. Marianum for opium rats at dose 400 mg/kg led to a major reduction in serum morphine compared to Naloxane (400 mg/kg>200 mg/kg>100 mg/kg>Naloxane. The positive effect of dose-dependence on liver enzymes function (ALT and AST) in order of 400 mg/kg>Naloxane>200 mg/kg>100 mg/kg. Furthermore, the findings show that the malondialdehyde levels are increased in opium-treated animals. However, the extracts also demonstrate a significant reduction in the MDA levels compared to the control, 400 mg/kg>200 mg/kg>Naloxane>100 mg/kg. Increase of Silybum marianum extract in rats pretreated significantly elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD).At last, our data suggest that Silibinin as the main component found in Milk thistle is more selective toward µ-Opioid Receptor than Morphine and Naloxane as a narcotic receptor antagonist.

P-Glycoprotein/ABCB1 Might Contribute to Morphine/Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

“…The current study showed that CP caused deterioration in the function and the structure of the liver, as well as induced hepatic oxidative stress, which was expected from previous studies [3,6]. Similar findings have been shown with MOR alone, which was also in line with previous results [17][18][19]. The combined effect of both drugs in the current study caused more or less additive effect on all liver function parameters, as well as the oxidative stress markers, with the exception of MDA and NO, where the effect seemed synergistic.…”

Evaluation of the effect of Silybum marianum extract on menopausal symptoms: A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial

“…Also clinical findings about its galactagogue activity (Di Pierro, Callegari, Carotenuto, & Tapia, 2008) and ovulatory effect in women with PCO (Taher, Atia, & Amin, 2012) shows its effect on female sex hormones. Serotonergic (Rossmanith & Ruebberdt, 2009) and noradrenergic (Osuchowski, Johnson, He, & Sharma, 2004) pathways and opioid receptors (Malekinejad, Taheri‐Broujerdi, Moradi, & Tabatabaie, 2011; Malekshah & Khaleghian, 2019) are other involved pathways in hot flashes which may be modulated by S. marianum (Imenshahidi, Rezaee, Mostofi, & Karimi, 2011; Solati, Yaghmaei, & Mohammdadi, 2012; Yaghmaei, Oryan, Mohammadi, & Solati, 2012). The effect on these receptors can also justify the good effect of this production on improving sleep, mood and other aspects of psychological condition in this study which measured by GCS and HFRDIS.…”

Synthesis and toxicity assessment of Fe 3 O 4 NPs grafted by ∼ NH 2 -Schiff base as anticancer drug: modeling and proposed molecular mechanism through docking and molecular dynamic simulation

“…To understand antitumor activity and the binding site of the target-specific region of compounds, we used molecular docking simulation (Malekshah & Khaleghian, 2019 ). The 3D crystal structures of 1BNA with the sequence, topoisomerase II (PDB ID: 4fm9), anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and trifluridine), ribonucleotide reductase (PDB ID: 3hne1), and triapine were retrieved from RCSB Protein Data Bank and Pubchem.…”