Influence of shell effects and stable octupole deformation on theE1 andE2 transition rates in the heavy-Ba region

Direct Evidence for Octupole Deformation in Ba146 and the Origin of Large E1 Moment Variations in Reflection-Asymmetric Nuclei

“…144 Ba 88 and 146 Ba 90 , the electric dipole moments are observed to drop suddenly by more than an order of magnitude [7][8][9], but the value quickly returns to an enhanced level in 148 Ba 92 [9]. Furthermore, it…”

“…Interestingly, in the radium isotopes, a minimum occurs in the value of the intrinsic electric dipole moment for 224 Ra, but the magnitude of the octupole strength in this nucleus, as recently quantified through Coulomb excitation with a 224 Ra radioactive beam, is one of the largest in the region [6]. Neutron-rich barium nuclei form another interesting set in terms of studying the relationship between the intrinsic electric dipole and octupole moments [1,7,8].…”

Studies of the electric dipole transition of deformed rare-earth nuclei

“…Otsuka [14] showed microscopically that p and f bosons are important in the low-lying negative parity states of even-even nuclei. The spdf IBM has been successful in the description of negative parity states in the Ba and rare-earth region [17,19,20]. The advantages of the algebraic approach is that it offers analytical expressions for the energy levels, electromagnetic transitions and many other quantities.…”

“…In the boson model, negative parity states are described by the spdf interacting boson model [10][11][12]14,13,16,17,[19][20][21]28] or the sdf-IBM [22][23][24][25][26]. Otsuka [14] showed microscopically that p and f bosons are important in the low-lying negative parity states of even-even nuclei.…”

“…There have been intensive interests in the studies of octupole degree of freedom in nuclear structure recently both experimentally [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and theoretically [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”