Influence of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the residual state of stress of 4140 steel

Cryogenic treatments are usually carried out immediately after quenching, but their use can be extended to post tempering in order to improve their fracture toughness. This research paper focuses on the influence of post-tempering cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tempered AISI M2, AISI D2, and X105CrCoMo18 steels. The aforementioned steels have been analysed after tempering and tempering + cryogenic treatment with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction for residual stress measurements, and micro-and nano-indentation to determine Young's modulus and plasticity factor measurement. Besides the improvement of toughness, a further aim of the present work is the investigation of the pertinence of a novel technique for characterizing the fracture toughness via scratch experiments on cryogenically-treated steels. Results show that the application of post-tempering cryogenic treatment on AISI M2, AISI D2, and X105CrCoMo18 steels induce precipitation of fine and homogeneously dispersed sub-micrometric carbides which do not alter hardness and Young's modulus values, but reduce residual stresses and increase fracture toughness. Finally, scratch test proved to be an alternative simple technique to determine the fracture toughness of cryogenically treated steels.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

A Novel Methods for Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Tool Steels with Post-Tempering Cryogenic Treatment

Sola

Giovanardi

Parigi³

et al. 2017

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These clusters act as nuclei for the formation of fine carbides when stress is subsequently relieved. The precipitation of carbides that also occurs during heating from cryogenic treatment temperature is responsible for the residual stress relaxation [37]. The present investigation in tool steel favours this hypothesis for two reasons: (1) the distribution of the carbides in the cryogenically treated samples was more homogeneous than in the non-cryogenically treated samples, and (2) the carbide volume fraction in the cryogenically treated samples was higher than in the non-cryogenically treated ones.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

A Novel Methods for Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Tool Steels with Post-Tempering Cryogenic Treatment

Sola¹,

Giovanardi²,

Veronesi³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Cryogenic treatments are usually carried out immediately after quenching, but their use can be extended to post tempering in order to improve their fracture toughness. This research paper focuses on the influence of post-tempering cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tempered AISI M2, AISI D2, and X105CrCoMo18 steels. The aforementioned steels have been analysed after tempering and tempering + cryogenic treatment with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction for residual stress measurements, and microand nano-indentation to determine Young's modulus and plasticity factor measurement. Besides the improvement of toughness, a further aim of the present work is the investigation of the pertinence of a novel technique for characterizing the fracture toughness via scratch experiments on cryogenically-treated steels. Results show that the application of post-tempering cryogenic treatment on AISI M2, AISI D2, and X105CrCoMo18 steels induce precipitation of fine and homogeneously dispersed sub-micrometric carbides which do not alter hardness and Young's modulus values, but reduce residual stresses and increase fracture toughness. Finally, scratch test proved to be an alternative simple technique to determine the fracture toughness of cryogenically treated steels.

show abstract

“…According to Senthilkumar et al, [13] regarding studies on the effect of cryogenic treatment on the residual stress state in 4140 steel the lower temperature and longer soaking time in DCT promote higher compressive stresses (−184±30 MPa). With reference to the preceding fact it was pointed out by Bhadeshia that the strains due to phase transformations can alter the state of residual stress.…”

Section: Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

On electrical resistivity of AISI D2 steel during various stages of cryogenic treatment

Lomte¹,

Gogte²,

Peshwe³

2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of dislocation densities and residual stresses is well known in tool steels. Measurement of electrical resistivity in order to monitor dislocation densities or residual stresses has seldom been used in investigating the effect of cryogenic treatment on tool steels.Monitoring residual stresses during cryogenic treatment becomes important as it is directly related to changes due to cryogenic treatment of tool steels. For high carbon high chromium (HCHC-AISI D2) steels, not only wear resistance but dimensional stability is an important issue as the steels are extensively used in dies, precision measuring instruments.This work comprises of study of measurement of electrical resistivity of AISI D2 steel at various stages of cryogenic treatment. Use of these measurements in order to assess the dimensional stability of these steels is discussed in this paper.

show abstract

Influence of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the residual state of stress of 4140 steel

Cited by 120 publications

References 18 publications

A Novel Methods for Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Tool Steels with Post-Tempering Cryogenic Treatment

A Novel Methods for Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Tool Steels with Post-Tempering Cryogenic Treatment

A Novel Methods for Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Tool Steels with Post-Tempering Cryogenic Treatment

On electrical resistivity of AISI D2 steel during various stages of cryogenic treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About