Influence of shaking or stirring dynamic methods in the defluoridation behavior of activated tamarind fruit shell carbon

Biosorption of fluoride on Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder

“…However, excessive presence of fluoride in 9 drinking water influences the metabolism of elements such as Ca 10 and P in human body and causes dental and skeletal fluorosis [2]. 11 For optimal dental health, the World Health Organization 12 recommended a level of fluoride from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L as the 13 permissible limit of fluoride concentration in drinking water [3]. A 14 concentration higher than this limit can lead to fluorosis.…”

“…obtained from the three kinetic models are given in Table 1. shell carbon [11]. 302 Various isotherm coefficients obtained from the three isotherm 303 models are presented in Table 3.…”

“…Several 21 adsorbent materials including activated alumina [4], zeolites [5], 22 brick powder [6], KMnO 4 -modified activated carbon [7], bauxite 23 [8], Kanuma mud [9] and many more had been studied and 24 reported for fluoride removal from aqueous medium. Besides, 25 several plant-based biosorbents such as dried orange juice residue 26 [10], tamarind (Tamarindus indica) fruit shell carbon [11], Morringa 27 indica-based activated carbon [12], etc., have been studied very 28 recently by various investigators and reported for fluoride removal 29 from water with different degrees of success. 30 In the present work, Neem leaf powder (NLP), developed from 31 the mature leaves of Neem (Azadirachta indica) trees has been 32 shown to be an active biosorbent for removal of fluoride from 33 water.…”

Surface modification of pumice enhancing its fluoride adsorption capacity: An insight into kinetic and thermodynamic studies

“…Mohapatra et al [15] and Miretzky and Cirelli [16] reviewed about the removal of fluoride using chitosan composites and various materials of natural and synthetic origins respectively. In the recent years, low cost materials are of great interest to carry out the defluoridation process both in the natural and modified forms [17,18]. Geomaterials are low cost adsorbent resources offering frequent applications to water and wastewater treatments.…”

Removal of Fluoride Ions by Adsorption onto Fe₂O₃ /Areca Nut Activated Carbon Composite

“…Agricultural wastes are considered to be potential precursors due to their availability at a low price. Agricultural waste materials such as coconut shell [18] groundnut shell [2] tamarindus indica fruit shells [19] rice straw [9] etc have been used to prepare AC for fluoride removal. In general, the carbon adsorption is not nearly effective at removing inorganic ion like fluoride as it is at removing organic compounds.…”