Influence of Sex and Previous Concussion History on Postconcussive Recovery in Young Athletes

Chand, Mohit; Kanwar, Sumit; Calvo, Cecilia; Peck, Evan

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000554

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although women took slightly longer to return to education/school (median of 5 days versus 4 days, p = 0.001) there was no difference in return to sport time between males and females. Indeed the retrospective cohort study by Chand et al [ 30 ] followed 431 high school and collegiate athletes, aged between 10 and 21 years old and who had all experienced at least one previous concussion, for their SRC recovery. They report that male and female SRC recovery times do not statistically differ although females appeared more likely to require neuropsychological referral for their SRC management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘If in Doubt, Sit Them Out’: How Long to Return to Elite Cycling Competition following a Sports-Related Concussion (SRC)?

Heron

Jones

Cardwell

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Introduction: A concussion or sports-related concussion (SRC) is a traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces. After a SRC diagnosis is made, a concussed individual must undergo a period away from competition while they return to their baseline level of functioning. The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) currently recommend a minimum of 6 days restriction from competitive cycling following a SRC but there is a growing feeling amongst those involved in brain injury research that this period is too short. Therefore, how much time should cyclists be removed from competitive sporting action following a SRC? Aims: To review the time out of competition following the diagnosis of a SRC for elite cyclists within British Cycling (BC). Methods: All medical records for elite cyclists within BC were audited for diagnoses of “concussion” or “sports-related concussions” from January 2017 until September 2022. The days out of competition following the concussion until ready to compete again (that is, returned to full training) was then calculated. All diagnoses and management of SRC were undertaken by the medical team at BC and in-keeping with current international guidelines. Results: Between January 2017 and September 2022, there were 88 concussions diagnosed, 54 being males and 8 in para-athletes. The median duration for time out of competition for all concussions was 16 days. There was no statistical difference between males (median 15.5 days) and females (median 17.5 days) for time out of competition (p-value 0.25). The median duration out of competition following a concussion for able-bodied athletes was 16 (80 athletes) compared to 51 days (8 athletes) in para-cyclists, which was not statistically different (p-value 0.39). Conclusions: This is the first study to report SRC concussion recovery times in elite cycling, including para-athletes. Between January 2017 and September 2022, there were 88 concussions diagnosed at BC and the median duration for time out of competition for all concussions was 16 days. There was no statistically significant difference in recovery times between male and females and para- and able-bodied athletes. This data should be used to help establish minimum withdrawal times post-SRC for elite cycling participation and we call on the UCI to review this data when establishing SRC protocols for cycling, with further research required in para-cyclists.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘If in Doubt, Sit Them Out’: How Long to Return to Elite Cycling Competition following a Sports-Related Concussion (SRC)?

Heron

Jones

Cardwell

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…2 However, approximately 15% of individuals experience a protracted recovery lasting longer than 30 days. 3 Factors such as sex, 4 age, 4 and previous health history 5 have all been reported to influence concussion recovery time. Additionally, several concussion management techniques have also been found to influence concussion recovery trajectories.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Physical Activity Participation and Recovery Outcomes in College-Aged Adults With a Concussion

Petit

Kuenze

Pfeiffer

et al. 2022

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Previously, the most common treatment for a concussion was prolonged physical and cognitive rest. Recent research suggests that earlier physical activity (PA) may be better at promoting recovery. Research has not evaluated the relationship between free-living PA (e.g., walking) and symptom reporting or recovery duration. Objective: To assess the relationship between free-living physical activity (PA) participation and two recovery outcomes in college-aged adults with a concussion. Design: Prospective Cohort Setting: Division 1 & 3 Universities Participants: Thirty-two college-aged adults (68.8% female, age: 19.8±1.4) with a concussion. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed a post-concussion symptom evaluation at visits 1 (<72 hours from concussion) and 2 (8 days later). Between visits, participants' PA was monitored using an Actigraph GT9X Link PA monitor and expressed as total PA (counts per minute) and percent time of PA spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity (%MVPA). Recovery time was the number of days from injury occurrence to medical clearance. Separate hierarchical multiple regressions evaluated the relationship between total PA and each recovery variable (visit 2 symptom severity, recovery time). Additionally, separate exploratory hierarchical multiple regressions evaluated the relationship between %MVPA and each recovery variable. Statistical significance was set a priori at p ≤ .05. Results: Participants averaged 2446±441 counts per minute and spent 12.1±4.2% of their PA performing MVPA. Participants yielded median symptom severities of 28[24] and 2[8] for visit 1 and 2, respectively. Average recovery time was 14.7±7.5 days. Total PA did not significantly contribute to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (p=.122) or recovery time (p=.301). Similarly, %MVPA had little contribution to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (p=.358) or recovery time (p=.276). Conclusion: Results suggest that free-living PA may not be enough to reduce symptoms or shorten recovery. Thus, clinicians may need to provide patients with more structured PA protocols mimicking previous research.

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Influence of concussion history and age of first concussion on visio-vestibular function

Roby

Metzger

Storey

et al. 2022

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Influence of Sex and Previous Concussion History on Postconcussive Recovery in Young Athletes

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

‘If in Doubt, Sit Them Out’: How Long to Return to Elite Cycling Competition following a Sports-Related Concussion (SRC)?

‘If in Doubt, Sit Them Out’: How Long to Return to Elite Cycling Competition following a Sports-Related Concussion (SRC)?

Relationship Between Physical Activity Participation and Recovery Outcomes in College-Aged Adults With a Concussion

Influence of concussion history and age of first concussion on visio-vestibular function

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