IntroductionNeisseria meningitidis serogroup B is a well-recognized cause of meningitis and septicemia for which no broadly protective vaccine exists. 1,2 Although vaccines against serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y are widely available, these vaccines are based on capsular polysaccharides, which in serogroup B are poorly immunogenic.
1The only vaccines that have been successfully used to protect against meningococcal serogroup B are those based on individual outer membrane vesicles derived from specific epidemic or outbreak strains.3-6 These vaccines have not shown cross-protection against heterologous strains in clinical studies.
1,2To provide broad protection and minimize the opportunity for escape mutations by single serogroup B strains, a multiple antigen approach was used to develop an investigational vaccine. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify novel surface proteins that were conserved across many strains and could be expected to induce bactericidal activity based on the results of studies in animal models. 7,8 The investigational vaccines developed against serogroup B contain three major recombinant Background: Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is a well-recognized cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis for which no broadly protective vaccine exists. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify three antigens: factor H binding protein (fHbp), Neisserial adhesin a (Nada) and Neisseria heparin binding antigen (NHBa) for an investigational vaccine candidate (rMenB). This was the first trial of an investigational multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4cMenB), containing rMenB and outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from the New Zealand epidemic strain in humans. Results: seventy adults enrolled and received study vaccine. all vaccines were generally well tolerated. Immune responses were observed to multiple serogroup B strains following all investigational vaccines, suggesting the potential for broad coverage against this serogroup. Immunogenicity was enhanced by the addition of OMV; the 4cMenB displayed the optimal profile for further investigation. Methods: In a phase I, observer blind, randomized trial, healthy adults (18-40 years of age) were randomized 2:2:1 to receive 3 doses of 4cMenB, rMenB with OMV from the Norwegian outbreak strain or rMenB alone. pre-and postvaccination sera were evaluated in a serum bactericidal assay using human complement (hsBa) against a panel of 15 serogroup B strains, with titers ≥4 considered protective. solicited injection site and systemic reactions were evaluated for 7 days following each vaccination and adverse events were reported throughout the study. conclusion: In this trial, 4cMenB displayed a favorable profile for further clinical development. 4cMenB demonstrated immunogenicity against multiple heterologous serogroup B strains. all vaccines were generally well tolerated in this study.