Influence of selected wheat and rye genotypes on the direct synthesis of hexaploid triticale

Abstract

In the synthesis of primary hexaploid triticale, a cross-incompatibility barrier exists when tetraploid wheat (4X) is crossed with diploid (2X) rye. Fertilization may occur, however, abnormal endosperm development usually leads to premature embryo death. Four selected tetraploid wheat lines were crossed as females with seven open-pollinated rye lines and the resulting embryos were rescued in vitro 13-16 days after pollination. The wheat genotypes showed a major influence on crossability (seed set), embryo development and plant recovery. The highest efficiency of amphihaploid plant recovery (18.3 plants per 100 pollinated florets) was obtained from one 4X wheat line originally selected from the cross T. carthlicum x T. dicoccoides. Some of the 3X amphihaploid plants (ABR) derived from two wheat lines showed relatively high level of partial fertility presumably as a result of meiotic restitution. Correlation analysis showed that crossability (seed set), normal hybrid embryo development in vivo and embryo culturability were independent of each other.

Meiotic restriction in emmer wheat is controlled by one or more nuclear genes that continue to function in derived lines

“…Chinese landrace Kaixianluohanmai (Luo et al 1989;Liu et al 1999b) and Japanese landrace Shinchunaga (Ma et al 1996) were also reported to have two or more kr genes, which was confirmed by this study (Table 5). T. turgidum genotypes seemed to be more important than rye genotypes in obtaining crossability with rye (Balatero and Darvey 1993;Liu et al 1999a). In addition, these three landraces showed high crossability with Ae.…”

“…Research has indicated that the meiotic restitution gene (or genes) of T. turgidum are functional in the derived interspecific or intergeneric F 1 hybrids (Stefani et al 1983;Liu et al 1986;Xu and Dong 1992;Balatero and Darvey 1993;Pignone 1993;Xu and Joppa 2000;Jauhar et al 2000;David et al 2004), and in its hexaploid triticale derivations although the level of fertility is low (Chauhan and Patel 1978;Darvey and Durvasula 1980;Gupta and Priyadarshan 1982). Data on the functions of the genes in derived synthetic hexaploid wheat, however, are still limited.…”

“…crassa (2n = 42, DDDDMM), Ae. triuncialis (2n = 28, UUCC), Hynaldia villosa (2n = 14, VV) and rye (Secale cereale L., 2n = 14, RR) as well as in haploid plants of T. t. durum (Blanco et al 1983;Stefani et al 1983;Liu et al 1986;Xu and Dong 1992;Balatero and Darvey 1993;Pignone 1993;Xu and Joppa 2000;Jauhar et al 2000;David et al 2004). Obviously, meiotic restitution usually takes place in a plant with a haploid genome as a result of failure of either the first or the second meiotic division.…”

Meiotic behaviour of tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum L.) and their synthetic hexaploid wheat derivates influenced by meiotic restitution and heat stress

“…Among the plant materials were also included tetraploid wheat genotypes with and without the meiotic restitution trait and their derivates (synthetic hexaploid wheat and DH line). The meiotic restitution of the tetraploid wheat genotypes (E1, E3 and DO1) was previously described by Balatero and Darvey (1993) and SayedTabatabaei (1996). Details of the genetic materials including their origins are given in table 1.…”

Haploid Independent Unreductional Meiosis in Hexaploid Wheat

“…FDR and SDR correspond in sensu lato to the omission of the first division or the second meiotic division respectively, this is failure of either homologous chromosome segregation or sister chromatid segregation (Ramanna and Jacobsen, 2003). Meiotic restitution corresponding FDR has been described in Triticeae as a haploid-dependent process and repeatedly addressed through the use of intergeneric hybrids (between wheat and related species) and wheat polyhaploids (recovered from hybridization with maize) (Islam and Shepherd, 1980;Balatero and Darvey, 1993;Jauhar, 2007;Matsuoka and Nasuda, 2004;Shamina, 2011).…”