Influence of Selected Air Pollutants on Mortality and Pneumonia Burden in Three Polish Cities over the Years 2011–2018

Dąbrowiecki, Piotr; Badyda, Artur; Chciałowski, Andrzej; Czechowski, Piotr Oskar; Wrotek, August

doi:10.3390/jcm11113084

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…In the short-term exposure to PM 2.5 , the number of emergency hospitalizations for pneumonia increased by 1.7% per 10 µg/m 3 of PM 2.5 [ 70 ]. In contrast, the increase in the number of deaths for Tricity and Warsaw (Poland) were 2.1% and 2.6% per 10 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 , respectively [ 71 ]. Several lines of evidence suggest that PM 2.5 promotes and exacerbates allergic disease, which often underlies asthma [ 72 ].…”

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longer-term effects of PM 2.5 exposure could be greater than the immediate ones [ 71 ]. PM2.5 is recognized as a key air pollutant significantly related to premature mortality attributed to cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer [ 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiovascular hospital admissions are also included; however, a sensitivity analysis showed that in the case of cardiovascular effects, PM is more indicative. The study in Poland [ 71 ] showed that the acute health outcomes associated with NO 2 exposure might be worse than anticipated [ 76 ].…”

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At concentrations ≥ 2 ppm, NO 2 disrupts the tracheobronchial epithelial monolayer [ 94 ] and modifies the severity of viral infections [ 95 ]. In the Polish study [ 71 ], the greatest immediate effect on pneumonia-related hospitalizations in all investigated agglomerations had NO 2 , and a NO 2 increase of 10 µg/m 3 was associated with up to an 11% increase in the number of daily pneumonia-related hospitalizations.…”

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associations between NO 2 pollution and mortality [ 71 , 101 ], as well as the exacerbation of asthma [ 102 ], enhance the allergic response to inhaled allergens [ 103 , 104 ], manifesting as respiratory viral infection and its associated inflammation. Spannhake et al [ 95 ] investigated the interactive effects of human rhinovirus type 16 (RV16) and the NO 2 on markers of proinflammatory activity in human bronchial and nasal epithelial cells.…”

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic or Antagonistic Health Effects of Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5: A Review

Mainka

Żak

2022

IJERPH

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Studies on adverse health effects associated with air pollution mostly focus on individual pollutants. However, the air is a complex medium, and thus epidemiological studies face many challenges and limitations in the multipollutant approach. NO2 and PM2.5 have been selected as both originating from combustion processes and are considered to be the main pollutants associated with traffic; moreover, both elicit oxidative stress responses. An answer to the question of whether synergistic or antagonistic health effects of combined pollutants are demonstrated by pollutants monitored in ambient air is not explicit. Among the analyzed studies, only a few revealed statistical significance. Exposure to a single pollutant (PM2.5 or NO2) was mostly associated with a small increase in non-accidental mortality (HR:1.01–1.03). PM2.5 increase of <10 µg/m3 adjusted for NO2 as well as NO2 adjusted for PM2.5 resulted in a slightly lower health risk than a single pollutant. In the case of cardiovascular heart disease, mortality evoked by exposure to PM2.5 or NO2 adjusted for NO2 and PM2.5, respectively, revealed an antagonistic effect on health risk compared to the single pollutant. Both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 or NO2 adjusted for NO2 and PM2.5, respectively, revealed a synergistic effect appearing as higher mortality from respiratory diseases.

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Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Synergistic or Antagonistic Health Effects of Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5: A Review

Mainka

Żak

2022

IJERPH

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Exposure to ambient air pollutants and short-term risk for exacerbations of allergic rhinitis: A time-stratified, case-crossover study in the three largest urban agglomerations in Poland

Dąbrowiecki

Chciałowski

Dąbrowiecka³

et al. 2023

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Health benefits to the pediatric population from reduction of ambient particulate matter in Krakow, Poland

Pac,

Majewska,

Nidecka

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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There have been few assessments of the health benefits to children of policies aimed at curbing fossil fuel-related air pollution. This has resulted in a lack of awareness regarding their positive impact on the health of this vulnerable population. We estimated the pediatric health benefits of policies targeting coal burning in one of Europe’s most polluted cities, Kraków, Poland. We combined available data on child health outcomes, related concentration-response functions, childhood population counts, and concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 based on city-wide air monitoring in Kraków. Two exposure reduction scenarios were examined. First, we used the observed decrease in air pollutant concentrations between 2010 and 2019. Second, we hypothesized a reduction to the annual World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline values issued in 2005. Between 2010 and 2019, the mean annual air pollution levels in Kraków decreased for both PM2.5 and PM10. Annual average PM2.5 concentrations declined by 39.1%, reaching 23.3 μg m−3; PM10 dropped by 39.2% to 34.6 μg m−3. These reductions in air pollution can be linked to numerous actions undertaken at local and national levels. We estimate that the forgone benefits in 2010 from not having achieved the PM levels observed in 2019 (on an annual basis) included: 505 (35.7%) fewer incident cases of asthma in the 1–14 age group, 81 fewer preterm births (16.8% decrease), 52 fewer cases of low birth weight (12.3% decrease), and 59 avoided asthma hospitalizations in 0–18 year olds. Compliance with the 2005 WHO PM2.5 guidelines in 2010 would have avoided 780 incident asthma cases in the 1–14 age group (54.5% decrease), 138 preterm births (28.3% decrease), and 90 cases of low birth weight (21.2% reduction) and 219 (54.2%) fewer asthma hospitalizations in 0–18 year olds. Large health benefits were also estimated for PM10 in both scenarios. This study estimated substantial health benefits for children in Kraków, which were largely attributable to clean air policies that restrict the use of coal and other solid fuels. Kraków provides a model for other cities in Europe and beyond that are affected by coal pollution and have high rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and respiratory illness.

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Influence of Selected Air Pollutants on Mortality and Pneumonia Burden in Three Polish Cities over the Years 2011–2018

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Synergistic or Antagonistic Health Effects of Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5: A Review

Synergistic or Antagonistic Health Effects of Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5: A Review

Exposure to ambient air pollutants and short-term risk for exacerbations of allergic rhinitis: A time-stratified, case-crossover study in the three largest urban agglomerations in Poland

Health benefits to the pediatric population from reduction of ambient particulate matter in Krakow, Poland

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