Influence of seeding date and harvest stage on yields and essential oil composition of three cultivars of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) grown in Nova Scotia

Abstract

Experiments were conducted in two locations in Nova Scotia, Canning and Truro, during 2001 and 2002 to determine the effect of seeding date and harvest stage on productivity and composition of essential oil from Anethum graveolens L. ‘Mesten, Dukat’ and ‘Hercules’. Delayed seeding generally reduced yields and altered the concentration of some essential oil components. Both dill seed and dill weed oil from this study had compositions similar to commercially available oil and reported dill oil compositions. The seed oil had moderate to high carvone content (17.9–64.0%) as is desired for the international market. Carvone content in oil increased as the plants matured. Lower yields and essential oil yields were obtained from cv. Hercules compared with the other two cultivars. Herbage yields and essential oil content were typical for the plant species; seed yields were below average, but there is potential to increase these yields through different seeding dates, harvest dates and investigation into optimum nutrient requirements. Key words: Dill, Anethum graveolens, Apiaceae, essential oil, hydrodistillation, steam distillation

Cardamom, Cumin, and Dill Weed Essential Oils: Chemical Compositions, Antimicrobial Activities, and Mechanisms of Action against Campylobacter spp.

“…Dill weed EO is predominantly composed of carvone (41.6%) and limonene (27.4%), followed by dill ether (9.2%). Current study results were in accordance with previous reports [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Yield and chemical composition of essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. as affected by harvest time

“…The influence of harvest time on fresh and dry weight of flowering heads may be a result of available day-length, temperature, and sunlight accumulations [30]. Indeed, previous research has demonstrated significant effects of harvest time on oil yields and composition in other plant species, e.g., dill (Anethum graveolens) [31,32], Dracocepholum moldavica) and Origanum majorana [33], lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) [34], spearmint ('Scotch' spearmint [Mentha × gracilis Sole]) and 'Native' spearmint [M. spicata L.]) [35].…”

Nutritional Value of Garden Dill (Anethum graveolens L.), Depending on Genotype

“…on many factors, e.g. cultivar, climatic and soil condition, fertilization, seeding date, harvest date, weed competition, plant disease, management practices, stage of growth, geographical variation, water stress, wind of higher velocity, storage, and processing conditions (Bowes et al, 2004;El-Zaeddi et al, 2016;El-Zaeddi et al, 2017). It was also observed that plants grown at low density had lower proportion of steam and leaf tissue and more extensive development of umbellate fruiting structures compared to plants grown at high density (El-Zaeddi et al, 2017).…”

“…The first type could be extracted from weed (0.09 to 0.34 mL 100 g -1 of fresh mass) and the second from mature seeds (0.2 and 4.6 mL 100 g -1 ). The essential fruit oil consists mainly of limonene and carvone, whereas weed oil includes α-phellandrene, myristicin and apiole (Bowes et al, 2004). It is well-known that the specific aroma of plant is determined by the concentration and composition of essential oils (El-Zaeddi et al, 2016) and is formed by complex of chemical substances, such as: alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, terpenes and lactones (El-Zaeddi et al, 2017).…”

“…The essential oils have unique composition and are widely used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, perfumery and nutraceuticals industries (Zheljazkov et al, 2006), e.g. nearly pure D-limonene present in seed oil exhibits antimicrobial activity (Bowes et al, 2004). Literature data concerning the essential oil content of different genotypes of dill are scarce.…”