Influence of sediment on the fate and toxicity of a polyethoxylated tallowamine surfactant system (MON 0818) in aquatic microcosms

Wang, Ning; Besser, John M.; Buckler, Denny R.; Honegger, Joy L.; Ingersoll, Chris G.; Johnson, B. Thomas; Kurtzweil, Mitchell L.; MacGregor, Jon; McKee, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.009

Cited by 53 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Toxicity of frog embryos and tadpoles was less in the microcosms than in laboratory tests. The reason for this may be attributed to the presence of sediments and organic matter which rapidly adsorb the glyphosate (Relyea, 2004;Tsui & Chu, 2004;Wojtaszek et al, 2004) and surfactants such as POEA (Wang et al, 2005). In addition, residues of glyphosate decline rapidly within 24h after application (Trumbo, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of the mixture glyphosate (Roundup® Active) and Cosmo-Flux®411F to anuran embryos and tadpoles of four Colombian species

Muñoz

2014

RBT

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Abstract:Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world with application in agriculture, forestry, industrial weed control, garden and aquatic environments. However, its use is highly controversial for the possible impact on not-target organisms, such as amphibians, which are vanishing at an alarming and rapid rate. Due to the high solubility in water and ionic nature, the glyphosate requires of surfactants to increase activity. In addition, for the control of coca (Erythroxylum coca) and agricultural weeds in Colombia, formulated glyphosate is mixed and sprayed with the adjuvant Cosmo-Flux ® 411F to increase the penetration and activity of the herbicide. This study evaluates the acute toxic and sublethal effects (embryonic development, tadpole body size, tadpole swimming performance) of the mixture of the formulated glyphosate Roundup ® Active and Cosmo-Flux ® 411F to anuran embryos and tadpoles of four Colombian species under 96h laboratory standard tests and microcosms, which are more similar to field conditions as they include soil, sand and macrophytes. In the laboratory, embryos and tadpoles of Engystomops pustulosus were the most tolerant (LC 50 =3 904µg a.e./L; LC 50 =2 799µg a.e./L, respectively), while embryos and tadpoles of Hypsiboas crepitans (LC 50 =2 203µg a.e./L; LC 50 =1 424µg a.e./L, respectively) were the most sensitive. R. humboldti and R. marina presented an intermediate toxicity. Embryos were significantly more tolerant to the mixture than tadpoles, which could be likely attributed to the exclusion of chemicals by the embryonic membranes and the lack of organs, such as gills, which are sensitive to surfactants. Sublethal effects were observed for the tadpole body size, but not for the embryonic development and tadpole swimming performance. In microcosms, no toxicity (LC 50 could not be estimated), or sublethal responses were observed at concentrations up to fourfold (14.76kg glyphosate a.e./ha) the highest field application rate of 3.69kg glyphosate a.e./ha. Thus, toxicity was less in the microcosms than in laboratory tests, which may be attributed to the presence of sediments and organic matter which rapidly adsorb glyphosate and surfactants such as POEA. It is concluded that the mixture of glyphosate (Roundup ® Active) and Cosmo-Flux ® 411F, as used in the field, has a negligible toxic effect to embryos and tadpoles of the species tested in this study. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (1): 223-233. Epub 2015 March 01.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of the mixture glyphosate (Roundup® Active) and Cosmo-Flux®411F to anuran embryos and tadpoles of four Colombian species

Muñoz

2014

RBT

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“…Carefully designed laboratory studies can characterize the relative sensitivity of amphibian species to Roundup exposures and discern differences in toxicity between the two formulations of Roundup that may be largely attributable to the surfactant present in the formulation [17][18][19][20]. For the present study, six species of larval anurans were selected for acute laboratory exposures to the original formulation of Roundup and to Roundup WeatherMAX in 96-h static, nonrenewal aqueous exposures.…”

Section: Roundupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 96-h exposure period was selected because it was of sufficient duration to capture the responses of amphibians to acute exposures and represents an environmentally realistic duration of exposure [13,20,27,28]. For herbicide exposures, a stock solution of each formulation was prepared along with at least 10 nominal exposure concentrations with four replicates per concentration.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative toxicity of two glyphosate formulations (original formulation of Roundup® and Roundup WeatherMAX®) to six North American larval anurans

Fuentes

Moore

Rodgers

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The toxicity of two glyphosate formulations (the original formulation of Roundup® and Roundup WeatherMAX®) to six species of North American larval anurans was evaluated by using 96-h static, nonrenewal aqueous exposures. The 96-h median lethal concentration values (LC50) ranged from 1.80 to 4.22 mg acid equivalent (ae)/L and 1.96 to 3.26 mg ae/L for the original formulation of Roundup and Roundup WeatherMAX, respectively. Judged by LC50 values, four species were more sensitive to Roundup WeatherMAX exposures, and two species were more sensitive to the original formulation. Two of six species, Bufo fowleri (p < 0.05, F = 14.89, degrees of freedom [df] = 1) and Rana clamitans (p < 0.05, F = 18.46, df = 1), had significantly different responses to the two formulations tested. Increased sensitivity to Roundup WeatherMAX likely was due to differences in the surfactants or relative amounts of the surfactants in the two formulations. Potency slopes for exposures of the original formulation ranged from 24.3 to 92.5% mortality/mg ae/L. Thresholds ranged from 1.31 to 3.68 mg ae/L, showing an approximately three times difference in the initiation of response among species tested. For exposures of Roundup WeatherMAX, slopes ranged from 49.3 to 84.2% mortality/mg ae/L. Thresholds ranged from 0.83 to 2.68 mg ae/L. Margins of safety derived from a simulated direct overspray were above 1, except for one species in exposures of Roundup WeatherMAX. Laboratory data based on aqueous exposures are conservative because of the lack of environmental ligands; however, these tests provide information regarding the relative toxicity between these two Roundup formulations.

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“…Nonetheless, experimental testing of sediment microbes exposed to environmentally relevant and high concentrations of glyphosate in lake sediments detected changes in community composition at glyphosate concentrations of 150 µg kg −1 dry weight [97] and laboratory tests by Tsui and Chu [98] found that sediment additions enhanced the acute or chronic toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations, particularly for filter-feeding organisms. In contrast, Wang et al [96] found that sediment sorption reduced the toxicity of the surfactant polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA), commonly used in glyphosate products and a primary toxicant for aquatic organisms, such as Daphnia magna. In wetland field studies, Baker et al [99] showed a transient decline in plankton communities following coincident exposure to glyphosate and nutrients, but not glyphosate alone, suggesting that indirect or interactive effects with other stressors in aquatic communities are possible.…”

Section: Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these risks are tempered by the strong ionic sorption mechanisms which are considered to limit leaching or diffusion into the water column and bioavailability of sediment-bound residues [51,52,73,96], significantly reducing toxic effects. Nonetheless, experimental testing of sediment microbes exposed to environmentally relevant and high concentrations of glyphosate in lake sediments detected changes in community composition at glyphosate concentrations of 150 µg kg −1 dry weight [97] and laboratory tests by Tsui and Chu [98] found that sediment additions enhanced the acute or chronic toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations, particularly for filter-feeding organisms.…”

Section: Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risks Associated with Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Use in Planted Forests

Rolando¹,

Baillie²,

Thompson³

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:Glyphosate-based herbicides are the dominant products used internationally for control of vegetation in planted forests. Few international, scientific syntheses on glyphosate, specific to its use in planted forests, are publically available. We provide an international overview of the current use of glyphosate-based herbicides in planted forests and the associated risks. Glyphosate is used infrequently in planted forests and at rates not exceeding 4 kg ha −1 . It is used within legal label recommendations and applied by trained applicators. While the highest risk of human exposure to glyphosate is during manual operational application, when applied according to label recommendations the risk of exposure to levels that exceed accepted toxicity standards is low. A review of the literature on the direct and indirect risks of operationally applied glyphosate-based herbicides indicated no significant adverse effects to terrestrial and aquatic fauna. While additional research in some areas is required, such as the use of glyphosate-based products in forests outside of North America, and the potential indirect effects of glyphosate stored in sediments, most of the priority questions have been addressed by scientific investigations. Based on the extensive available scientific evidence we conclude that glyphosate-based herbicides, as typically employed in planted forest management, do not pose a significant risk to humans and the terrestrial and aquatic environments.

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Influence of sediment on the fate and toxicity of a polyethoxylated tallowamine surfactant system (MON 0818) in aquatic microcosms

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of the mixture glyphosate (Roundup® Active) and Cosmo-Flux®411F to anuran embryos and tadpoles of four Colombian species

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of the mixture glyphosate (Roundup® Active) and Cosmo-Flux®411F to anuran embryos and tadpoles of four Colombian species

Comparative toxicity of two glyphosate formulations (original formulation of Roundup® and Roundup WeatherMAX®) to six North American larval anurans

The Risks Associated with Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Use in Planted Forests

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