Influence of seasonal cycles in Martian atmosphere on entry, descent and landing sequence

Marceta, D.; Šegan, S.; Rašuo, Boško

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.02.001

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this figure one can see that the upper part of the atmosphere is not capable of producing significant variation of this time on the diurnal level especially having in mind that it takes usually 6 minutes from the height of 120 km, where any significant influence of the atmosphere on the trajectory begins to occur, to the deployment. On the other hand, lower parts of the atmosphere can significantly alter the descent time, especially when Mars is close to its orbital perihelion when strong temperature inversions can occur in the northern midlatitudes (Marčeta et al 2014). As it is very important to identify the optimal LTST for entry, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the aim of this analysis is to determine the qualitative and quantitative influence of diurnal atmospheric variations on the EDL profiles, 3744 trajectories have been analyzed for 13 landing sites along the 0 • meridian, from 60 • S to 60 • N with a 10 • step, for every one hour of the LTST and for 12 sols of the Martian year for every 30 • of Ls starting from 2013 August, 1 which corresponds to the vernal equinox. As in the analysis of the influence of the seasonal cycles on the EDL profiles (Marčeta et al 2014), the EDL sequence has been simulated by using the aerodynamic model of the MER entry vehicle whose geometry is shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parachute must be deployed at a sufficiently high altitude in order to have enough time to perform all other necessary EDL operations to ensure the safe landing. This time is shown to be linearly related to the parachute deployment height (Marčeta et al 2014). Because of this, parachute systems have evolved from the time of Viking landers in order to sustain larger mechanical and aerodynamic loads induced by deployments on higher Mach numbers (M) and dynamic pressures (q) (Braun and Manning 2007, Desai et al 2006).…”

Section: Recapitulation Of the Previous Landingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of the diurnal atmospheric variability on entry, descent and landing on Mars

Marceta¹

2014

SERBIAN ASTRON J

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Landing on Mars is extremely challenging task due to the fact that the Martian atmosphere is the most hostile environment in the Solar system to perform the entry, descent and landing (EDL) process, because it is thick enough to create substantial heating of the entry vehicle but not thick enough to reduce its velocity to the one necessary for safe landing. Beside this, the atmosphere is very dynamic mainly due to high eccentricity of the Martian orbit, obliquity of the orbital to the equatorial plane and close alignment of the winter solstice and the orbital perihelion. Although seasonal variations of atmospheric parameters are significantly larger than the diurnal, it is very important to analyze diurnal cycles as they can significantly change vertical and horizontal atmospheric profiles in very short time intervals. This can present a serious threat to missions which have very precise timings and specific requirements such as the requirement for the daytime landing to enable ground images acquisition during the descent and landing phase. A 3-degrees-of-freedom trajectory integration routine was combined with the Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM) to identify the dependence of the EDL profiles on the diurnal cycles of atmospheric parameters throughout the Martian year. The obtained results show that the influence of the diurnal cycles is the largest at the equator and decreases relatively symmetrically towards the poles with a slightly stronger influence in the northern hemisphere. Also, there is a significant influence of the orbital position of Mars on the effect of diurnal atmospheric variations which causes that, around the orbital perihelion and winter solstice, there is some kind of inversion of the dependance of optimal entry timing on latitude of the landing site comparing to the rest of the Martian year. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 176002]

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recapitulation Of the Previous Landingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of the diurnal atmospheric variability on entry, descent and landing on Mars

Marceta¹

2014

SERBIAN ASTRON J

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“…Kao što se može videti sa slike 13, optimalna sezona sletanja na južnoj hemisferi je u okolini perihela (Ls=251˚). Uzimajući u obzir da na južnoj hemisferi leto počinje kada je Ls=270˚, jasno je da je najbolje vreme za sletanje tokom najtoplijeg perioda godine [23,24]. Ako se posmatra na dnevnom nivou, sa slike 13 je uočljivo da je uticaj dnevnih varijacija atmosferskih parametara mnogo manji od sezonskih ali da nije zanemarljiv, kao i da je tokom cele godine optimalno vreme sletanja tokom obdanice [9].…”

Section: Slika 12 -Zavisnost Brzine Od Visine Tokom Godineunclassified

Landing on Mars

Marceta¹,

Rašuo²

2019

Tehnika

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Mašinski fakultet, BeogradViše od 40 godina nakon prvog uspešnog sletanja na Mars, istraživanje njegove površine pomoću kosmičkih letelica i dalje predstavlja ogroman naučni i tehnološki izazov. Ovo se pre svega odnosi na Marsove južne visoravni, koje se protežu na velikom delu njegove južne hemisfere, na koje do sada nije izvršeno nijedno uspešno sletanje. Sa druge strane, na severne nizije, koje se prostiru na velikom delu severne hemisfere, do sada je izvršeno 7 uspešnih sletanja. Ova razlika je posledica specifične topografije Marsove površine usled takozvane globalne ili hemisferične dihotomije Marsa, koja predstavlja jedinstvenu karakteristiku u Sunčevom sistemu. Usled razlike u elevacijama površine, letelice koje sleću na južne visoravni imaju na raspolaganju tanji sloj atmosfere koji mogu da iskoriste za disipaciju kinetičke energije. Budući da letelice sa interplanetarnih putanja ulaze u atmosferu Marsa hiperboličkim brzinama, njihova kinetička energija je veoma velika i mogućnost da se ona smanji kroz interakciju sa atmosferom je od ključnog značaja za sletanje na lokacije sa velikom elevacijom. Procenjuje se da su južne visoravni nekoliko milijardi godina starije nego severne nizije, koje su u relativno bliskoj prošlosti bile izložene snažnoj vulkanskoj aktivnosti. Ovako velika razlika u starosti predstavlja motivaciju za istraživanje celokupne površine Marsa u cilju razumevanja njegove složene geološke evolucije. Osim toga, veliki broj otvorenih basena koji su otkriveni na južnim visoravnima ukazuju na to da su ove regije u prošlosti mogle biti prekrivene tečnom vodom, što predstavlja najznačajniji razlog za istraživanje ovih lokacija. Analiza sezonskih i dnevnih varijacija gustine Marsove atmosfere pokazuje da je i sa sadašnjom tehnologijom moguće ostvariti sletanje na ove visoke lokacije, uz neophodnost otpimizacije parametara ulaska letelice u atmosferu, kako bi se ove specifičnosti Marsa na najbolji način iskoristile. Ključne reči: Mars, sletanje, atmosfera, dihotomija 1. UVOD Kroz čitavu istoriju, astronomi su pratili kretanje Marsa po nebeskoj sferi, a njegova narandžasto-crvena boja ih je inspirisala da ga nazivaju po ratu ili bogovima rata. Na osnovu stanja naučne teorije i prakse, kao i dostignutog tehnološkog nivoa, istraživanje Marsa može se podeliti u tri faze: preteleskopsku eru, teleskopsku eru i kosmičku eru.Najznačajniji naučni rezultat koji je proistekao iz posmatranja Marsa, pre pronalaska teleskopa, su čuveni Keplerovi zakoni o kretanju planeta, za koje se sa pravom može reći da su promenili istorijski tok naučne Adresa autora: Dušan Marčeta, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Matematički fakultet, Beograd, Studentski trg 16 misli. Ovi zakoni se nisu odnosili samo na Mars, već na čitav Sunčev sistem, a kroz naučna dostignuća koja su iz njih direktno sledila, presudno su uticali i na sveukupno čovekovo poimanje kosmosa.

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“…1.41Gz-8Gz-3Gz-1Gz. These suggestions were proposed based on previous assumptions in this paper, and training profiles investigated and discussed for pilots of fighter aircraft for extreme maneuvering [28,29,33]. Fig.…”

Section: Training Profile Suggestions For the First Manned Mission Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight to Mars: Envelope simulation in a ground based high-performance human centrifuge

Dančuo¹,

Rasuo²,

Bengin³

et al. 2018

FME Transaction

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Influence of seasonal cycles in Martian atmosphere on entry, descent and landing sequence

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

The effects of the diurnal atmospheric variability on entry, descent and landing on Mars

The effects of the diurnal atmospheric variability on entry, descent and landing on Mars

Landing on Mars

Flight to Mars: Envelope simulation in a ground based high-performance human centrifuge

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