Influence of saw and secateur pruning on stem discolouration, wound cicatrisation and diameter growth of Betula pendula

Schatz, Ursula; Heräjärvi, Henrik; Kannisto, Kari; Rantatalo, Matti

doi:10.14214/sf.258

Cited by 10 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The importance of the radial increment on branch wound occlusion was reported also for birch (Betula pendula Roth.) at the age of 33 years, where positive short-term (one year) infl uence on radial increment was found after pruning (Schatz et al, 2008). Our results, in contrast, demonstrate reduction of radial increment for Norway spruce after pruning, and the effect is signifi cant (p < 0.05) up to 3 years after this silvicultural practice, resulting in reduction of 0.28 ± 0.05 m 3 ha −1 or -7% of mean periodic volume increment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Pruning effect on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growth and quality

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Pruning requires signifi cant investment, therefore, the aim of the study was to characterize occlusion of branch wounds and changes in radial increment as well as frequency of browsing damages after pruning of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in order to provide data for fi nancial calculations and recommendations for practical forestry. Altogether 1,614 pruned and 4,368 unpruned trees from 45 Norway spruce stands were measured and cored. Degree of wound occlusion and browsing damages were assessed, and additional volume increment estimated in each stand. Pruning resulted in signifi cant increase of length of branch-free section: for unpruned trees it was 0.3 ± 0.07 m, but for pruned 3.4 ± 0.10 m. Branch wounds for most of the trees (68%) were fi lled with resin (occluded), for lower share of trees (31%) -still open, but for some trees (1%) completely occluded. Branch wound occlusion rate was not affected by differences in stand density, but was signifi cantly affected by stand age: proportion of trees with occluded branch scars increased with age. Trees with occluded branch wounds had a signifi cantly higher increase in tree ring width after the pruning in comparison to the period before pruning than trees with open branch wounds, emphasizing the importance of radial increment in development of branch-free layer of wood. Pruning resulted in minor (-7% or -0.28 ± 0.05 m 3 ha -1) reduction of annual increment that was statistically signifi cant only up to 3 years after this forest management activity for stands younger than 17 years and with mean height up to 10.5 m. Pruned trees were signifi cantly more browsed than unpruned (6.1% and 2.7%, respectively).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Pruning affects diameter growth more than height growth and removal a few lowest living whorls of branches can even increase the growth of a tree (Schatz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pruning effect on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growth and quality

et al. 2017

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“…Pruned trees had around 7% more discoloured wood within the knot than unpruned trees in this study, while there were no differences for the wood outside the knot (Table 4). Schatz et al (2008) reported that pruned branches of birch had colour defects in all directions inside the stem. The most obvious directions were tangential (47%), but the discolouration did not reach the knot-free sapwood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lower stocking rate will delay canopy closure, increase branch size and slow down the process of self-pruning (e.g. Cameron 1996;Schatz et al 2008), while at the same time favouring stem diameter development (Erdmann et al 1975;Niemistö 1995;Simard et al 2004;Rytter 2013). Branch traits are considered in birch breeding since branch characters such as angle, thickness and numbers are all under intermediate genetic control (Stener and Jansson 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pruning on wood properties of planted silver birch in southern Sweden

Stener¹,

Rytter²,

Jansson³

2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• Pruning silver birch trees increased the production of defect-free wood outside the knots.• Most wood defects were found inside the knots.• Pruned birch trees provide butt logs with higher value than unpruned trees. AbstractPruning was performed at midsummer in two genetically homogenous and managed planted silver birch stands in southern Sweden -one aged 9 and one aged 10 years. Wood defects were analysed 10 years thereafter, using the five uppermost twigs of the stems up to a height of 30 dm. The number of trees examined at each site was around 70, of which half were pruned. The main findings were that: a) compared to unpruned trees, pruned trees produced more defect-free wood outside the knots; b) most wood defects were found inside the knots; and c) wood defects like rot and bark ingrowth were similar for pruned and unpruned trees, while discolouration was marginally higher for pruned trees inside knots but similar outside knots. Overall, the results confirm previous findings that pruned birch trees will provide butt logs with higher value than unpruned trees.

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“…Discolouration and decay in the centre of beech stems (hereafter referred to as red heartwood) are predominantly caused by infection and oxygen penetrating through broken and dead branches (Kučera 1991, Büren 1998, Knoke & Wenderoth 2001, Knoke 2003, Wernsdörfer et al 2006, Schatz et al 2008, Vartiamäki et al 2009, Vasaitis et al 2012. However, there is a lack of detailed information on whether bark stripping caused by logging can lead to red heartwood formation in beech.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

Račko¹,

Mišíková²,

Hlaváč³

et al. 2018

iForest

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Injuries to standing trees caused by logging and the subsequent changes in biochemical composition and anatomy of affected tissues lead to wood quality loss, thus lowering the commercial value of roundwood. In this study, we investigated the influence of various factors that could help mitigate or prevent the spread of infections in the stem caused by injuries. A total of 112 beech logs (tree age: 42-143 years) from ten forest stands at three different sites in central Slovakia were examined, and the extent of discolouration and decay zones in each stem was measured, along with cambial age, stem diameter, injury width, and injury closure period. The results showed that the width of physiologically active wet sapwood and the width of the inactive dehydrated zone in the stem are important factors influencing red heartwood formation. We found no significant differences in the extent of discolouration and decay among different stands and sites. Stem diameter and injury width did significantly affect the penetration of infection through sapwood, and red heartwood formation was significantly affected by cambial age and injury width, while stand age, site slope, beech proportion in the stand and injury closure did not show any significant effect. Binary logistic models were applied to assess the probability of pathogen penetration through sapwood into the stem dehydrated zone as a function of injury width and stem diameter, as well as the probability that this could lead to red heartwood formation based on injury width and cambial age of beech stems.

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Influence of saw and secateur pruning on stem discolouration, wound cicatrisation and diameter growth of Betula pendula

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Pruning effect on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growth and quality

Pruning effect on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) growth and quality

Effects of pruning on wood properties of planted silver birch in southern Sweden

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

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