Cementitious building material is most extensively used as a kind of architectural materials in latter day and is the largest artificial material at present. With the high development of construction industry, many building structures with long span, high strength, and great height are being constructed or used under harsh conditions, which has higher requirements on cementitious building materials. Advanced cementitious building materials can be defined as the cementitious building materials that can meet special combinations of properties and uniformity requirements, which cannot always be achieved routinely using traditional raw materials and conventional mixing, placing, and curing methods. The factors which justify the popularity of advanced cementitious building materials are high strength, high workability, and high durability for various structural purposes [1]. Compressive strength of the cementitious material which is usually applied to evaluate the quality of cementitious material and its applicability for purpose is a major component in rational structure design. Today, the durability is also a major aspect to be considered in civil engineering structure design as the importance of durability of cementitious materials is being more and more accepted and emphasized [2]. A large number of investigators are devoting themselves to developments of advanced cementitious building materials and also studying on the mechanism research for peculiar performance, manufacturing technique, experiment methods, modeling, and applications of various advanced cementitious building materials. Generally, there are a lot of approaches to obtain advanced cementitious materials. In general, specific binding materials, aggregates, and additives can be incorporated into the conventional cementitious materials to obtain advanced cementitious materials. For example, some extraordinary aggregates [3], chemical additives [4], various fibers [5,6], and mineral admixtures [7,8] can be added to fabricate advanced cementitious building materials.Cementitious building materials have significant new progresses in recent years. The advanced cementitious building materials will provide better materials for specific projects in civil engineering. This special issue aims to bring investigators from industry and academia together to report and explore the new investigations techniques, new preparation methods and basic material properties, testing methods, and standardization in civil engineering, fresh properties and constructability, shrinkage and creep, structural performance and modeling, functional coatings for buildings, durability and sustainability, and field applications in advanced cementitious building materials and review the latest progress in this field. The advanced cementitious building materials include common cementitious composites building materials, cementitious pavement materials, high-performance concrete and ultrahigh-performance concrete, high-ductility and fibre-reinforced materials, and self-sensing/self-healing ...