Influence of sampling time and sap extraction methodology on xylem pH values in two grapevine varieties grown under drought conditions

Beis, Alexandros; Zotos, Anastasios; Patakas, Angelos

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.08.002

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Xylem sap was extracted from a 15-cm branch using the pressure chamber technique according to the following methodology [ 78 ]: after the balancing pressure was reached, the cut surface was blotted dry. Initially, the pressure was applied slowly at a rate of 0.03 MPa/min until the first droplets of xylem sap reached the surface of the cut.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite profiling and network analysis reveal coordinated changes in grapevine water stress response

et al. 2013

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BackgroundGrapevine metabolism in response to water deficit was studied in two cultivars, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon, which were shown to have different hydraulic behaviors (Hochberg et al. Physiol. Plant. 147:443–453, 2012).ResultsProgressive water deficit was found to effect changes in leaf water potentials accompanied by metabolic changes. In both cultivars, but more intensively in Shiraz than Cabernet Sauvignon, water deficit caused a shift to higher osmolality and lower C/N ratios, the latter of which was also reflected in marked increases in amino acids, e.g., Pro, Val, Leu, Thr and Trp, reductions of most organic acids, and changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. PCA analysis showed that changes in primary metabolism were mostly associated with water stress, while diversification of specialized metabolism was mostly linked to the cultivars. In the phloem sap, drought was characterized by higher ABA concentration and major changes in benzoate levels coinciding with lower stomatal conductance and suberinization of vascular bundles. Enhanced suberin biosynthesis in Shiraz was reflected by the higher abundance of sap hydroxybenzoate derivatives. Correlation-based network analysis revealed that compared to Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz had considerably larger and highly coordinated stress-related changes, reflected in its increased metabolic network connectivity under stress. Network analysis also highlighted the structural role of major stress related metabolites, e.g., Pro, quercetin and ascorbate, which drastically altered their connectedness in the Shiraz network under water deficit.ConclusionsTaken together, the results showed that Vitis vinifera cultivars possess a common metabolic response to water deficit. Central metabolism, and specifically N metabolism, plays a significant role in stress response in vine. At the cultivar level, Cabernet Sauvignon was characterized by milder metabolic perturbations, likely due to a tighter regulation of stomata upon stress induction. Network analysis was successfully implemented to characterize plant stress molecular response and to identify metabolites with a significant structural and biological role in vine stress response.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite profiling and network analysis reveal coordinated changes in grapevine water stress response

et al. 2013

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“…Predicted scenarios of climate change over the next decade include lengthening of the drought period leading to extended and severe drought events and enhanced levels of incident UV‐B radiation (Schultz 2000, Giorgi and Lionello 2008). While several studies seemed to confirm grapevine defence mechanisms against drought (Schultz 2003, Beis et al. 2009) and supplemental UV‐B radiation (Lafontaine et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometric and biochemical responses of grapevines subjected to drought and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

Doupis

Chartzoulakis

Beis

et al. 2010

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research

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Background and Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in adaptive responses in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv Soultanina) exposed to either drought, enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation or the combination of the two environmental stresses. Methods and Results: Results indicated pronounced effects on allometric parameters in plants exposed to the enhanced UV-B radiation. The combined application of drought and enhanced UV-B radiation considerably affected shoot growth rate and leaf dry weight. Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, 1.11.1.6) activities increased significantly in the enhanced UV-B radiation treatment. Drought resulted in a significant increase in proline concentration, while the exposure of plants to enhanced UV-B radiation resulted in the production of UV-B absorbing compounds (UVabs). Conclusions: Under drought conditions proline accumulation seemed to be the main mechanism of adaptation contributing to plant's antioxidant defence. On the other hand, under enhanced UV-B radiation, the accumulation of the UV-B absorbing compounds and the increase in antioxidant enzymes activities constitute the main mechanisms of grapevine adaptation. Significance of the Study: The data obtained indicate the occurrence of two different mechanisms of adaptation in response to the stressor applied. Furthermore, the patterns of proline and UVabs concentration changes under stress conditions suggest that the biosynthesis of these two compounds might follow competing metabolic pathways.

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“…The changes in xylem sap pH determined in our experiments were not large, but by the time that the plants were big enough for xylem sap sampling, the effect of the presence of neighbours on g s had already diminished in comparison to that determined for younger plants. In addition, sap sourced from within the leaf apoplast (which cannot easily be sampled in isolation) is usually more alkaline than that sampled, like ours, as an amalgamation of stem xylem sap and leaf apoplastic sap, particularly if sampled post‐dawn (Davies, Wilkinson & Loveys 2002; Beis, Zotos & Patakas 2009). Thus, the true extent of the competition‐induced rise in alkalinity in the leaf may have been obscured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The effect of competition from neighbours on stomatal conductance in lettuce and tomato plants

Vysotskaya

Wilkinson

Davies

et al. 2011

Plant Cell & Environment

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Competition decreased transpiration from young lettuce plants after 2 days, before any reductions in leaf area became apparent, and stomatal conductance (gs) of lettuce and tomato plants was also reduced. Stomatal closure was not due to hydraulic signals or competition for nutrients, as soil water content, leaf water status and leaf nitrate concentrations were unaffected by neighbours. Competitioninduced stomatal closure was absent in an abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient tomato mutant, flacca, indicating a fundamental involvement of ABA. Although tomato xylem sap ABA concentrations were unaffected by the presence of neighbours, ABA/pH-based stomatal modulation is still likely to underlie the response to competition, as soil and xylem sap alkalization was observed in competing plants. Competition also modulated leaf ethylene production, and treatment of lettuce plants with an ethylene perception inhibitor (1-methylcyclopropene) diminished the difference in gs between single and competing plants grown in a controlled environment room, but increased it in plants grown in the greenhouse: ethylene altered the extent of the stomatal response to competition. Effects of competition on gs are discussed in terms of the detection of the absence of neighbours: increases in gs and carbon fixation may allow faster initial space occupancy within an emerging community/crop.

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Influence of sampling time and sap extraction methodology on xylem pH values in two grapevine varieties grown under drought conditions

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Metabolite profiling and network analysis reveal coordinated changes in grapevine water stress response

Metabolite profiling and network analysis reveal coordinated changes in grapevine water stress response

Allometric and biochemical responses of grapevines subjected to drought and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation

The effect of competition from neighbours on stomatal conductance in lettuce and tomato plants

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