Influence of Row Spacing on Competitiveness and Yield of Peanuts (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>)

Buchanan, G. A.; Hauser, E. W.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500055557

Cited by 50 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Johnson et al (2005) found that total weed densities were less when peanut rows were spaced 30 cm apart compared with rows spaced 91 cm apart. Similar results were obtained by Buchanan and Hauser (1980). Late-season control of Florida beggarweed, sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia L.), and Texas millet [Urochloa texana (Buckl.)…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of Row Pattern Configurations and Reduced (1/2×) and Full Rates (1×) of Imazapic and Diclosulam for Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) in Peanut

Besler

Grichar²,

Senseman³

et al. 2008

Weed technol.

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Field studies were conducted from 2000 to 2002 to evaluate yellow nutsedge control and peanut yield when diclosulam and imazapic were applied at the rate recommended by the manufacturer (1×) and reduced (1/2×) rates in single and twin-row planting patterns. In 2001, both diclosulam and imazapic applied to the twin-row pattern at the full and reduced rate provided better yellow nutsedge control than herbicide applications to the single-row spacing. Because of excessive rainfall in 2002, yellow nutsedge control was considerably reduced with all treatments. Imazapic at the full rate (71 g/ha) controlled yellow nutsedge 80 to 96% in the twin-row pattern, and 79 to 86% in single-row spacings. Yellow nutsedge control was less than 65% when diclosulam and imazapic were applied at the reduced rate. The twin-row configuration yielded higher than the single-row pattern when averaged across herbicides in 1 yr. All herbicide treatments enhanced yield relative to the nontreated control, except the reduced rate of imazapic in 2002. This study revealed that to fully maximize yellow nutsedge control, the full rate of either imazapic or diclosulam should be applied to peanuts planted in a single or twin-row spacing. However, these treatments may not necessarily increase peanut yields.

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supporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of Row Pattern Configurations and Reduced (1/2×) and Full Rates (1×) of Imazapic and Diclosulam for Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) in Peanut

Besler

Grichar²,

Senseman³

et al. 2008

Weed technol.

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“…If the crop was distributed in a perfectly uniform pattern, crop plants would begin competing with weed plants sooner, while the crop still had its size advantage, whereas competition among crop plants would be delayed as long as possible (Fisher & Miles 1973). This prediction is supported by studies showing that decreased row spacing, which reduces the degree of ‘clumping’, usually results in a modest reduction in yield losses due to weeds (Buchanan & Hauser 1980; Patterson et al . 1988; Smith et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticumaestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity

Weiner

Griepentrog²,

Kristensen³

2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

248

241

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Summary1. Recent advances in our understanding of the advantage of initial size in competition among individual plants (size-asymmetric competition) suggest that the potential for many crops to suppress weeds is much greater than generally appreciated. We hypothesize that this potential can be realized if: (i) the crop density is increased significantly and (ii) the crop is regularly (uniformly) distributed in two-dimensional space rather than sown in traditional rows. 2. We tested these hypotheses by sowing four varieties of spring wheat Triticum aestivum at three densities (200, 400 and 600 m -2 ) and in two spatial patterns (normal rows and a uniform grid pattern) in the presence of high weed pressure. 3. There were strong and significant effects of both crop density and spatial distribution on weed growth. Weed biomass decreased with crop density and was 30% lower in the grid pattern. 4. There was a negative linear relationship between above-ground weed biomass in early July and crop yield at harvest, so weed suppression translated directly into yield. The treatment with high crop density and the grid sowing pattern contained 60% less weed biomass and produced 60% higher yield than the treatment closest to normal sowing practices (crops sown in rows at 400 m -2 ). 5. The results were similar when the experiment was repeated in the following year, even though weed abundance was lower and the weed community was very different. There was 30% less weed biomass and 9% higher yield when the crop was sown in a grid pattern. 6. While weed biomass decreased monotonically with density for all varieties, a significant variety-density interaction suggested that the attributes resulting in good weed suppression at high crop density may not be the same as those most advantageous at low crop density. 7. A more crowded, uniform, distribution of some crops could contribute to a strategy to reduce the use of herbicides and energy-intensive forms of weed control.

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“…For example, increased seeding rates and decreased row spacing increase crop resource uptake under weed-infested conditions by increasing crop biomass early in growth (Walker andBuchanan 1982, Minotti 1990). Marked decreases in weed growth in narrow (~20 em) vs. wide (~75 em) row spacing have been observed in many major crops, e.g., 55 and 37% in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.; Buchanan and Hauser 1980) and grain sorghum (Wiese et al 1964), respectively. However, extremely narrow row spacing may prevent cultivation operations important to control of certain weeds (Martinet al 1977).…”

Section: Increasing Crop Interference By Crop Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Weed Control Through Crop Interference

Jordan¹

1993

Ecological Applications

149

145

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Crop interference with weed growth is a fundamental method of nonchemical weed control. Crop interference, entailing weed suppression, should be distinguished from crop tolerance of weeds, i.e., relatively small yield loss due to the presence of weeds. Tolerance is less desirable than interference in that it may lead to increases in weed seed populations that can cause future yield losses. Ideally, interference should occur as early as possible in growth to prevent resource consumption by weeds. A path analysis of crop-weed interference is presented. The model can be used to estimate the relative magnitude of early vs. later crop interference with weed growth, and to identify crop traits that contribute to the interference with weed growth. Such analysis can identify crop varieties that show strong early interference with weed growth, and traits associated with strong early interference. For illustrative purposes, the model is applied to characterize differences among soybean varieties in interference with common cocklebur. Weed control by crop interference could be enhanced by crop breeding and management. However, several benefits and costs of interference should be evaluated before undertaking such approaches. First, the degree to which crop interference can substitute for other forms of weed control must be determined. Second, yield costs associated with interference should be measured; these may occur in crop varieties that interfere strongly with weeds, particularly when water, temperature, and mineral nutrients are limiting. A more mechanistic understanding of crop interference is needed so that interference can be enhanced through crop breeding and management while minimizing yield costs.

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Influence of Row Spacing on Competitiveness and Yield of Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

Cited by 50 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of Row Pattern Configurations and Reduced (1/2×) and Full Rates (1×) of Imazapic and Diclosulam for Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) in Peanut

Effects of Row Pattern Configurations and Reduced (1/2×) and Full Rates (1×) of Imazapic and Diclosulam for Control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus Esculentus) in Peanut

Suppression of weeds by spring wheat Triticumaestivum increases with crop density and spatial uniformity

Prospects for Weed Control Through Crop Interference

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