Influence of roughness on the early corrosion of API steels by atomic force microscopy (AFM): A real-time assessment

Environmental stressor assessment of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria biofilms from a marine oil spill

“…5 ). This method provides a more accurate roughness value, as shown in a previous study [48] . In both cases, the surface roughness of the biofilm is clearly modified ( Fig.…”

“…and area/surface roughness parameters (Sa, Sq, Sz, etc.). However, these treatments oversimplify the roughness value by reducing a large number of surface features to a single value [ 48 , 66 ]. The roughness parameters of the Micrococcus strains were obtained by averaging five sections homogeneously distributed over the entire micrograph (see Fig.…”

“…Roughness was obtained by measuring five horizontal lines, each 12.5 µm in length with a spacing of approximately 2.2 µm. This data processing method was previously shown to provide a more accurate description of surface properties and characteristics when studied by AFM [48] . Mean roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq/RMS) and mean height roughness (Rz) were chosen as the three roughness parameters.…”

“…In addition, Power Spectral Density (PSD) has been used to study complex morphometric features such as biofilms. PSD provides topographical information on the vertical and lateral distribution as a function of surface spatial frequencies and can estimate the Rq parameter more accurately from the calculation of the integral of the PSD curve [48] without being limited by the scan size and resolution of the AFM. Mathematically, PSD is represented as: …”