Influence of Root System Characteristics on Black Spruce Seedling Responses to Limiting Conditions

Pernot, Clémentine; Thiffault, Nelson; DesRochers, Annie

doi:10.3390/plants8030070

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Below the planting depth of −3 cm, a common practice in eastern Canada, the growth of the vertical seedlings was greater than the non-vertical seedlings. The advantage of the non-vertical seedlings above this threshold was probably the result of the growth of adventitious roots in contact with the moist soil [69,70].…”

Section: Seedling Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mechanical Site Preparation on Microsite Availability and Growth of Planted Black Spruce in Canadian Paludified Forests

Henneb

Valeria

Thiffault

et al. 2019

Forests

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Low productivity caused by paludification in some parts of the closed black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P) dominated boreal forest threatens the provision of ecosystem services, including wood fiber production. The accumulation, over time, of organic matter in paludified soils leads to an anaerobic environment that reduces microbial activity, decelerates decomposition of organic matter, and generates nutrient-poor microsites for regeneration. Consequently, it results in significant impacts on site productivity. Considering its ability to disturb the soil, mechanical site preparation (MSP) is viewed as a potential treatment that can help restore productivity of paludified sites following harvesting. We conducted a field experiment to verify if (1) the availability of microsites conducive to reforestation varies with MSP, microtopography (slope and aspect) and initial OLT conditions; (2) the growth of planted seedlings depends on the intensity of mechanical disturbance of the organic layer, type of microsite, planting density, presence of Ericaceae, and the planting position and depth; (3) there are direct and indirect causal relationships between microsites availability after MSP, OLT, microtopography, planting quality and seedlings growth; and (4) if mechanical site preparation and microsite type exposed affect the Ericaceae cover after planting. Our results confirmed that MSP is effective in establishing conditions that permit a productive regeneration cohort on these paludified sites. To ensure successful establishment of plantations on these sites, it is necessary, however, to distinguish between those that are slightly or moderately paludified from those that are highly paludified, as treatment effectiveness of different MSP types depends on organic layer thickness. Our results also show that preference should be given to some microsite types as clay and mixed-substrate microsites for planting to ensure sufficient availability of water and nutrients for seedlings.(from top to bottom: fibric, mesic, humic) above the mineral soil [5,6]. Consequently, paludified soils have an organic layer thickness that exceeds 40 cm, and in some cases, 100 cm [7].On the Clay Belt of northeastern Canada, the long fire interval permits the accumulation of thick organic layers in this region [8,9] and the relatively cold climate and poorly drained soils [10] leads to an anaerobic soil environment that reduces microbial activity and decomposition of organic matter [8,9,11]. The resulting gradual accumulation of organic matter is often associated with Sphagnum species on the forest floor [12], leading in the long run to nutrient-poor microsites for regeneration [13,14], An abundance of such microsites contributes to reduced growth of trees, both mature and regenerating [15], with significant impact on site productivity.Successful establishment and growth of conifer plantations on paludified sites depends on the type of microsite, the microtopography, the presence of competing species (notably ericaceous shrubs) and the qualit...

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Section: Seedling Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mechanical Site Preparation on Microsite Availability and Growth of Planted Black Spruce in Canadian Paludified Forests

Henneb

Valeria

Thiffault

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…A study on Central Amazonian trees, such as Salix martiana and Tabernaemontana juliana, demonstrated that the main entry point of atmospheric oxygen was gas-permeable pores in the stem, near the origin of adventitious roots (Haase & Rätsch, 2010). Evidence of the role of adventitious roots in the survival of waterlogged trees is also available from temperate regions of the world, with species such as Larix laricina, Platanus occidentalis, and Picea mariana showing strong tolerance to flooding by investing in adventitious roots (Tsukahara & Kozlowski, 1985;Calvo-Polanco et al, 2012;Pernot et al, 2019). For Alnus rubra, Batzli and Dawson (1997) observed a drop in stomatal conductance during the process of investing in adventitious roots when flooded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Alnus subcordata for urban environments through assessment of drought and flooding tolerance

Sjöman¹,

Levinsson²,

Emilsson³

et al. 2021

Dendrobiology

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The urban environment is stressful and trees experience multiple stresses, including drought, flooding, and extreme heat, all of which are likely to increase under future climate warming and increasing urbanisation. In the selection of tree species to maximise ecosystem services, tolerance to site characteristics such as flooding and severe drought is of critical importance. This study evaluated the suitability of a rare species, Alnus subcordata C.A. Mey (Caucasian alder) from the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbaijan,for its functionality as an urban tree. A total of 48 pot-grown, two-year-old saplings of A. subcordata were tested in a greenhouse experiment using a complete randomised block design. Each block contained four replicates of three treatments (waterlogging, drought, control), with 16 plants per treatment. Height differences between treatments were measured, and water status was estimated by determination of midday leaf water potential (ΨL) and stomatal conductance (gs). To estimate drought tolerance reaction in the treatments, leaf water potential at turgor loss (ΨP0) was used together with broken-stick modelling of water status over time. There was a significant difference in tree height between the different treatments. In the drought treatment, A. subcordata plants showed no height increase, while plants in both the waterlogged and control treatments increased in height during the nine-week experiment. Over 63 days of flooding, plant water status was slightly more negative in the waterlogging treatment, but did not deviate essentially from the control. In the drought treatment, plant water status rapidly deviated from the control. There was a significant differencein ΨP0 between treatments, with drought-treated plants showing the lowest value (−2.31 MPa).This study demonstrated that A. subcordata has limited tolerance to drought and seems to rely more on waterloss-avoiding strategies. However, the species may be usable at periodically waterlogged sites, due to its high tolerance to flooding. It could therefore be recommended for wet urban environments and stormwater management facilities, for which reliable guidance on suitable trees is currently lacking.

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“…Lo cual indica la buena calidad y funcionalidad de las raíces adventicias formadas en las estacas. La morfología de raíces tiene gran relevancia en los procesos de aclimatación que definen el establecimiento y supervivencia de las plantas en condiciones de campo (Pernot et al 2019). Por lo que, es necesario continuar la evaluación del desarrollo y crecimiento de las plantas enraizadas en condiciones de campo, para complementar la información y proponer el uso de esta técnica en la producción de plantas de P. hartwegii.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Enraizamiento de estacas de Pinus hartwegii de tres poblaciones naturales en ecosistemas de alta montaña del Estado de México y Veracruz

Melo¹,

Casas²,

Ramírez-Herrera³

et al. 2021

Bosque (Valdivia)

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The limited seed production of Pinus hartwegii Lidl. requires the use of vegetative propagation techniques to produce plants for reforestation of the high mountain ecosystems. Nothing about vegetative propagation of the species has been done to our knowledge, therefore its ability to root propagules is, so far, unknown. In this study, the rooting of cuttings from three populations of P. hartwegii was evaluated, testing three treatments of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA, Radix®) (0, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm). The experiment was established in rooting chambers under a randomized four-block design with factorial arrangement. The rooted cuttings were transplanted and kept in a greenhouse. Survival, number of rooted cuttings, length and number of primary and secondary roots were evaluated after 12 weeks. Regardless of the auxin treatment, high percentages of rooting were observed in the cuttings. The auxin in 5,000 ppm amplified and improved the response to rooting (96.6 %); while the concentration of 10,000 ppm caused toxicity, which was reflected in the lower survival of the cuttings (63.5 %). The cuttings of the three populations showed high percentages of survival (> 80 %) and rooting (> 67 %); although without significant differences among them. A hundred percent of the rooted cuttings survived transplant. Massive multiplication through cuttings rooting is feasible for P. hartwegii, regardless of the genotype. With the application of exogenous auxins (5,000 ppm) the regeneration and development of roots was favored.

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Influence of Root System Characteristics on Black Spruce Seedling Responses to Limiting Conditions

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Effects of Mechanical Site Preparation on Microsite Availability and Growth of Planted Black Spruce in Canadian Paludified Forests

Effects of Mechanical Site Preparation on Microsite Availability and Growth of Planted Black Spruce in Canadian Paludified Forests

Evaluation of Alnus subcordata for urban environments through assessment of drought and flooding tolerance

Enraizamiento de estacas de Pinus hartwegii de tres poblaciones naturales en ecosistemas de alta montaña del Estado de México y Veracruz

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