Influence of root-bed size on the response of tobacco to elevated CO2 as mediated by cytokinins

Schaz, Ulrike; Düll, Barbara; Reinbothe, Christiane; Beck, Erwin

doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu010

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The SeLS and SeLSYM35 lines reached the same chosen end point (immediately preceding anthesis, when the lines had a total leaf area of approximately 5000 cm 2 per plant) only 4–7 days later than the controls grown at 3% CO 2 , whereas the SeLSX and SeLSM35 lines reached the same developmental stage 19 and 27 days later, respectively (Figure b). Acclimation of the wild‐type plants to 3% CO 2 (Miller et al ., ; Schaz et al ., ) delayed their development by approximately 6 days, relative to plants grown at ambient CO 2 (Figure b). Furthermore, the wild‐type tobacco plants grown at ambient CO 2 (400 μmol CO 2 mol air −1 ) were slightly shorter and showed a lower number of leaves at equivalent values of leaf area (Figure c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO₂

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Introducing a carbon concentrating mechanism and a faster Rubisco from cyanobacteria into higher plant chloroplasts could improve photosynthetic performance by increasing the rate of CO2 fixation while decreasing losses caused by photorespiration. We previously demonstrated that tobacco plants will grow photoautotrophically using Synechococcus elongatus Rubisco, although the plants exhibited considerably slower growth than wild-type and required supplementary CO2. Because of concerns that vascular plant assembly factors might not be adequate for assembly of a cyanobacterial Rubisco, prior transgenic plants included the cyanobacterial chaperone RbcX or the carboxysomal protein CcmM35. Here we show that neither RbcX nor CcmM35 is needed for assembly of active cyanobacterial Rubisco. Furthermore, by altering the gene regulatory sequences on the Rubisco transgenes, cyanobacterial Rubisco expression was enhanced and the transgenic plants grew at near wild-type growth rates, though still requiring elevated CO2. We performed detailed kinetic characterization of the enzymes produced with and without the RbcX and CcmM35 cyanobacterial proteins. These transgenic plants exhibit photosynthetic characteristics that confirm the predicted benefits of non-native forms of Rubisco with higher carboxylation rate constants in vascular plants and the potential nitrogen use efficiency that may be gained provided that adequate CO2 can be concentrated near the enzyme.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO₂

et al. 2015

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“…Drought is less likely to be the cause of the responses observed here, as the soil moisture was monitored when g s measurements were taken throughout the experiment and did not change between treatments (p > 0.05) or throughout the duration of the experiment. Also, sink limitations as a result of pot experiments are a likely cause of the observed down regulation of A in S. racemosa under elevated CO 2 (Ruiz-Vera et al 2017;Schaz et al 2014). All plants were provided with liquid fertilizer and were potted in soil that contained slow release fertilizer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant responses to decadal scale increments in atmospheric CO2 concentration: comparing two stomatal conductance sampling methods

Batke

Yiotis

Elliott-Kingston

et al. 2020

Planta

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Main conclusionOur study demonstrated that the species respond non-linearly to increases in CO 2 concentration when exposed to decadal changes in CO 2 , representing the year 1987, 2025, 2051, and 2070, respectively.Abstract There are several lines of evidence suggesting that the vast majority of C3 plants respond to elevated atmospheric CO 2 by decreasing their stomatal conductance (g s ). However, in the majority of CO 2 enrichment studies, the response to elevated CO 2 are tested between plants grown under ambient (380-420 ppm) and high (538-680 ppm) CO 2 concentrations and measured usually at single time points in a diurnal cycle. We investigated g s responses to simulated decadal increments in CO 2 predicted over the next 4 decades and tested how measurements of g s may differ when two alternative sampling methods are employed (infrared gas analyzer [IRGA] vs. leaf porometer). We exposed Populus tremula, Popolus tremuloides and Sambucus racemosa to four different CO 2 concentrations over 126 days in experimental growth chambers at 350, 420, 490 and 560 ppm CO 2 ; representing the years 1987, 2025, 2051, and 2070, respectively (RCP4.5 scenario). Our study demonstrated that the species respond non-linearly to increases in CO 2 concentration when exposed to decadal changes in CO 2 . Under natural conditions, maximum operational g s is often reached in the late morning to early afternoon, with a mid-day depression around noon. However, we showed that the daily maximum g s can, in some species, shift later into the day when plants are exposed to only small increases (70 ppm) in CO 2 . A non-linear decreases in g s and a shifting diurnal stomatal behavior under elevated CO 2 , could affect the long-term daily water and carbon budget of many plants in the future, and therefore alter soil-plant-atmospheric processes.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…CKs have been implicated in growth acceleration because cell division and cell differentiation in the meristem are influenced by CKs and are often accompanied by CK accumulation 26,38 . In addition, an increase in tZ-type CKs was detected in the xylem sap of cotton and tobacco plants grown under elevated CO 2 , implying that tZ-type CKs have a role as root-to-shoot signals under elevated CO 2 conditions 25,39 . However, how CKs accumulate and whether the accumulation and root-to-shoot translocation of CK is relevant to growth acceleration under elevated CO 2 (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sugar-induced de novo cytokinin biosynthesis contributes to Arabidopsis growth under elevated CO2

Kiba

Takebayashi

Kojima

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Carbon availability is a major regulatory factor in plant growth and development. Cytokinins, plant hormones that play important roles in various aspects of growth and development, have been implicated in the carbon-dependent regulation of plant growth; however, the details of their involvement remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that sugar-induced cytokinin biosynthesis plays a role in growth enhancement under elevated CO 2 in Arabidopsis thaliana . Growing Arabidopsis seedlings under elevated CO 2 resulted in an accumulation of cytokinin precursors that preceded growth enhancement. In roots, elevated CO 2 induced two genes involved in de novo cytokinin biosynthesis: an adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase gene, AtIPT3 , and a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, CYP735A2 . The expression of these genes was inhibited by a photosynthesis inhibitor, DCMU, under elevated CO 2 , and was enhanced by sugar supplements, indicating that photosynthetically generated sugars are responsible for the induction. Consistently, cytokinin precursor accumulation was enhanced by sugar supplements. Cytokinin biosynthetic mutants were impaired in growth enhancement under elevated CO 2 , demonstrating the involvement of de novo cytokinin biosynthesis for a robust growth response. We propose that plants employ a system to regulate growth in response to elevated CO 2 in which photosynthetically generated sugars induce de novo cytokinin biosynthesis for growth regulation.

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Influence of root-bed size on the response of tobacco to elevated CO2 as mediated by cytokinins

Cited by 9 publications

References 73 publications

Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO₂

Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO₂

Plant responses to decadal scale increments in atmospheric CO2 concentration: comparing two stomatal conductance sampling methods

Sugar-induced de novo cytokinin biosynthesis contributes to Arabidopsis growth under elevated CO2

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Influence of root-bed size on the response of tobacco to elevated CO2 as mediated by cytokinins

Cited by 9 publications

References 73 publications

Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO2

Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO2

Plant responses to decadal scale increments in atmospheric CO2 concentration: comparing two stomatal conductance sampling methods

Sugar-induced de novo cytokinin biosynthesis contributes to Arabidopsis growth under elevated CO2

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Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO₂

Transgenic tobacco plants with improved cyanobacterial Rubisco expression but no extra assembly factors grow at near wild‐type rates if provided with elevated CO₂