Influence Of Roof-Rack, Trailer Etc On Automobile Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions, Measured On-The-Road

Lenner, Magnus

doi:10.4271/980682

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The roof rack option resulted with a minor effect on the fuel economy by (1–3%) depending on vehicle parameters, e.g. added roof rack ~2% fuel economy for vehicle test with weight 1408 kg and the frontal area was 2.15 m 2 , which means around 4 Wh energy consumption is increased per a mile, if the on‐board PV module with roof rack option is installed in a vehicle with the original driving efficiency of 200 Wh/mile (see conclusion section for more discussion).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive optimized model for on-board solar photovoltaic system for plug-in electric vehicles: energy and economic impacts

Abdelhamid¹,

Pilla

Singh

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Environmental concerns along with high energy demand in transportation are leading to major development in sustainable transportation technologies, not the least of which is the utilization of clean energy sources. Solar energy as an auxiliary power source of on‐board fuel has not been extensively investigated. This study focuses on the energy and economic aspects of optimizing and hybridizing, the conventional energy path of plug‐in electric vehicles (EVs) using solar energy by means of on‐board photovoltaic (PV) system as an auxiliary fuel source. This study is novel in that the authors (i) modeled the comprehensive on‐board PV system for plug‐in EV; (ii) optimized various design parameters for optimum well‐to‐tank efficiency (solar energy to battery bank); (iii) estimated hybrid solar plug‐in EVs energy generation and consumption, as well as pure solar PV daily range extender; and (iv) estimated the economic return of investment (ROI) value of adding on‐board PVs for plug‐in EVs under different cost scenarios, driving locations, and vehicle specifications. For this study, two months in two US cities were selected, which represent the extremities in terms of available solar energy; June in Phoenix, Arizona and December in Boston, Massachusetts to represent the driving conditions in all the US states at any time followed by assessment of the results worldwide. The results show that, by adding on‐board PVs to cover less than 50% (around 3.2 m2) of the projected horizontal surface area of a typical passenger EV, the daily driving range could be extended from 3.0 miles to 62.5 miles by solar energy based on vehicle specifications, locations, season, and total time the EV remains at Sun. In addition, the ROI of adding PVs on‐board with EV over its lifetime shows only small negative values (larger than −45%) when the price of electricity remains below $0.18/kWh and the vehicle is driven in low‐solar energy area (e.g. Massachusetts in the US and majority of Europe countries). The ROI is more than 148% if the vehicle is driven in high‐solar energy area (e.g. Arizona in the US, most Africa countries, Middle East, and Mumbai in India), even if the electricity price remains low. For high electricity price regions ($0.35/kWh), the ROI is positive and high under all driving scenarios (above 560%). Also, the reported system has the potential to reduce electricity consumption from grid by around 4.5 to 21.0 MWh per EV lifetime. A sensitivity analysis has been carried out, in order to study the impacts of the car parked in the shade on the results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive optimized model for on-board solar photovoltaic system for plug-in electric vehicles: energy and economic impacts

Abdelhamid¹,

Pilla

Singh

et al. 2016

Int. J. Energy Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A roof rack is one of the most common and popular accessories on vehicles [12]. Installation of a roof rack can increase aerodynamic drag by increasing both the drag coefficient (Cd) and the projected frontal area (A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Installation of a roof rack can increase aerodynamic drag by increasing both the drag coefficient (Cd) and the projected frontal area (A). Lenner [12] investigated the on-road impacts of roof racks for a 1992 Volvo 940 midsize sedan. The vehicle was equipped with an unloaded roof rack and driven at 43.5 mph, 49.7 mph, and 55.9 mph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the aerodynamic effect of rooftop cargo compartment – a case of modified intercity bus

Tefera,

Bekele,

Pandey

2023

Eng. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Buses are one mode of mass transportation but they are inefficient in terms of fuel consumption and ergonomically poor when loaded. Thus to decrease the fuel consumption, an improvement on the aerodynamic shape of the bus is required. This paper mainly focused on locally modified ISUZU buses which are serving as an intercity bus in Ethiopia. These buses are inefficient in terms of fuel consumption because of their body design and other add-on devices. One of the add-on devices which spoil the aerodynamic profile of this bus is the luggage loaded on the roof rack. Therefore, in this paper aerodynamically efficient rooftop luggage compartment is designed for these buses. The performance test is carried out for a scaled-down ISUZU bus model numerically using ANSYS Fluent CFD software and experimentally using wind tunnel testing. The numerical results are validated by an experimental test which is carried out using HM 170 open wind tunnel set-up. According to the numerical result, the modified bus reduced the drag coefficient by 34%, 34.5% and 34%, when compared to the clean roof baseline bus, the baseline bus with roof rack and the loaded baseline bus respectively. Similarly, the drag force is reduced by 12%, 14% and 32% respectively. In addition, the fuel consumption is reduced by 2.15 l h −1, 4.17 l h −1 and 7.24 l h −1 respectively. It is also found that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Overall, the modified bus is found to be more fuel saving and ergonomically better design.

show abstract

“…The mono-Si PV module thickness is around 4.6 mm, which is very minor compared to the vehicle frontal area (∼ 2.0 m 2 ). The roof rack option resulted with a minor effect on the fuel economy by (1-3%) depending on vehicle parameters, e.g., added roof rack ~2% fuel economy for vehicle test with weight 1408 kg and the frontal area was 2.15 m 2 [28], [29], which means around 4 Wh energy consumption is increased per a mile, if the on-board PV module with roof rack option is installed in a vehicle with the original driving efficiency of 200 Wh/mile. However, future works are needed to test the aerodynamic impacts for specific targeted vehicles.…”

Section: Effects Of Mounting On-board Pv On Vehicle Aerodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Adding Photovoltaic Solar System On-Board to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Towards Meeting 2025 Fuel Economy CAFE Standards

Abdelhamid

Haque

Pilla

et al. 2016

SAE Int. J. Alt. Power.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental concerns, high energy demand in the transport sector, and strong government regulations for 2017-2025 passenger cars and light trucks to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards [1] have led to increased focus on creating sustainable transportation technologies, not the least of which is the utilization of clean energy sources. U.S. Department of Energy, national labs, automotive OEMs, and academic researchers have been engaged in developing many solutions and models (e.g., ADVISOR model, PSAT, FASTSim, VISION, and GREET Model) to predict vehicle performance, emissions, and cost of alternative Powertrain technologies with different energy paths.All above-mentioned efforts have overlooked the investigation of solar energy as an auxiliary on-board fuel. Widespread use of solar energy-a free, sustainable, renewable, and clean energy source -in fuel-efficient automobiles can ensure energy independence for U.S. while minimizing environmental impacts. Solar PV remains a promising technology for managing the on-board power systems of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Technological advances in solar PVs have brought about efficiency improvements and cost reduction, and are expected to accelerate their inclusion in the automotive design process [2]-[4]. Although configurations exist for including on-board PVs in vehicles[5]- [9], current understanding on the efficacy of adding on-board PV technologies to internal combustion engines (ICE) for different vehicle sizes in different U.S locations under various driving scenarios remains incomplete. This paper is the first attempt at undertaking a comprehensive analysis of using solar energy on-board by means of PV technologies to enhance automotive fuel economies to meet CAFE standards though 2025 and extending driving ranges for ICE vehicles. In addition, in this paper we also estimate the economic Impacts of Adding Photovoltaic Solar System On-Board to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Towards Meeting 2025 Fuel Economy CAFE StandardsMahmoud AbdelhamidUniversity of California, MercedImtiaz Haque, Srikanth Pilla, Zoran S. Filipi, and Rajendra SinghClemson University ABSTRACTThe challenge of meeting the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards of 2025 has led to major developments in the transportation sector, among which is the attempt to utilize clean energy sources. To date, use of solar energy as an auxiliary source of on-board fuel has not been extensively investigated. This paper is the first study at undertaking a comprehensive analysis of using solar energy on-board by means of photovoltaic (PV) technologies to enhance automotive fuel economies, extend driving ranges, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and ensure better economic value of internal combustion engine (ICE) -based vehicles to meet CAFE standards though 2025. This paper details and compares various aspects of hybrid solar electric vehicles with conventional ICE vehicles. Different driving locations, vehicle sizes, various driv...

show abstract

Influence Of Roof-Rack, Trailer Etc On Automobile Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions, Measured On-The-Road

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

A comprehensive optimized model for on-board solar photovoltaic system for plug-in electric vehicles: energy and economic impacts

A comprehensive optimized model for on-board solar photovoltaic system for plug-in electric vehicles: energy and economic impacts

Investigating the aerodynamic effect of rooftop cargo compartment – a case of modified intercity bus

Impacts of Adding Photovoltaic Solar System On-Board to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Towards Meeting 2025 Fuel Economy CAFE Standards

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About