Influence of Rock Wettability on THF Hydrate Saturation and Distribution in Sandstones

Abbasi, Ghazanfer Raza; Al-Yaseri, Ahmed; Isah, Abubakar; Keshavarz, Alireza; Iglauer, Stefan

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c03940

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…72,73 Thus, when THF hydrate is formed, hydrogen protons in the THF hydrate are not detected by NMR scans (that is, NMR is incapable of detecting hydrate since hydrate is a solid phase). 39 This is confirmed by measuring the NMR porosity of the samples at different temperatures. The decrease in NMR porosity depicted hydrate formation in sandstone.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Two Cylindrical Homogeneousmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Gas hydrate saturation ( S h ) was estimated by porosity measurements and the calculation of liquid saturation. THF hydrate (solids) does not produce NMR signal because NMR detects hydrogen protons in the liquid phase but not solids. , Thus, when THF hydrate is formed, hydrogen protons in the THF hydrate are not detected by NMR scans (that is, NMR is incapable of detecting hydrate since hydrate is a solid phase) . This is confirmed by measuring the NMR porosity of the samples at different temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…WW sandstone demonstrated higher resistivity index values at all hydrate formation and dissociation stages (Figure b). This is attributed to the higher hydrate saturation formed in the WW rock (when compared to the OW rock, see Abbasi et al …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…THF forms S-II (structure II) hydrate, which is mainly found in natural sediments (methane and CO 2 both form structure I hydrates). ,,,, Note that THF hydrate is in the equilibrium state at 277.15 K (4.4 °C) at 0.1 MPa pressure for a stoichiometric THF/H 2 O ratio (the stoichiometric molar ratio of THF and water is 1:17 − ). To form THF hydrate in the sandstone samples, the cores (WW and OW samples) were first vacuumed for one day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After vacuuming, a syringe pump (Teledyne ISCO) was used to saturate the samples with the premixed aqueous THF solutions (22 wt % THF/78 wt % 0.6 M NaCl brine) at 298.15 K and 0.689 MPa for one day. Subsequently, a Julabo 900F system was used to cool the samples to 277.15 K at 0.1 MPa. ,− Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements (using an Oxford-Geospec+ 2/53 Magnet Assembly; Oxford Instruments; 2 MHz) were conducted at various temperatures ( T = 277.15, 283.15, 289.55, 293.65, and 298.15 K) to measure THF–brine saturations during hydrate formation and dissociation under nonequilibrium conditions. Note that we here use the term “liquid” instead of the commonly used terminology water saturation ( S w ) since we have formulated a THF–brine solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Rock Wettability on the Electric Resistivity of Hydrate Formations: An Experimental Investigation

et al. 2021

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Gas hydrates are large energy resources with estimated global reserves of approximately 500–10 000 Gt of carbon, which can be extracted from underground reservoirs. In addition, such reservoirs can potentially catastrophically release greenhouse gases (such as methane or carbon dioxide). Classically, rock wettability is one of the key factors in predicting fluid flow behavior, fluid distribution, reserves, and productivities. However, the effect of wettability on the electric resistivity of hydrate formations is poorly understood. Thus, to evaluate the influence of rock wettability on the electrical resistivity (note that resistivity logging is a key well logging tool) of hydrate-bearing sandstone, nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were conducted. Clearly, the effective porosity and liquid saturation increased with increasing temperature, due to hydrate dissociation. Furthermore, the resistivity index and rock resistivity (R t) increased with increasing hydrate saturation, and the formation factor demonstrated a positive correlation with hydrate saturation, though the formation factor for oil-wet (OW) sandstone was higher than that for water-wet (WW) sandstone. This work will thus significantly improve the fundamental understanding of the petrophysical properties of gas hydrate reservoirs so that energy production can be optimized, geohazards can be avoided, and the hydrate gun hypothesis can be better assessed.

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Section: Sample Preparation Two Cylindrical Homogeneousmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Rock Wettability on the Electric Resistivity of Hydrate Formations: An Experimental Investigation

et al. 2021

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Unconventional hydrocarbon resources: geological statistics, petrophysical characterization, and field development strategies

Muther

Qureshi

Syed

et al. 2021

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Hydrocarbons exist in abundant quantity beneath the earth's surface. These hydrocarbons are generally classified as conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons depending upon their nature, geology, and exploitation procedure. Since the conventional hydrocarbons are under the depletion phase, the unconventional hydrocarbons have been a major candidate for current and future hydrocarbon production. Additionally, investment and research have increased significantly for its exploitation. Having the shift toward unconventional hydrocarbons, this study reviews in depth the technical aspects of unconventional hydrocarbons. This review brings together all the important aspects of unconventional reservoirs in single literature. This review at first highlights the worldwide unconventional hydrocarbon resources, their technical concept, distribution, and future supplies. A portion of this study also discusses the resources of progressive unconventional hydrocarbon candidates. Apart from this, this review also highlights the geological aspects of different unconventional hydrocarbon resources including tight, shale, and coalbed methane. The petrophysical behavior of such assists including the response to well logs and the discussion of improved correlation for petrophysical analysis is a significant part of this detailed study. The variation in geology and petrophysics of unconventional resources with conventional resources are also presented. In addition, the latest technologies for producing unconventional hydrocarbons ranging from fractured wells to different fluid injections are discussed in this study. In the end, the latest machine learning and optimization techniques have been discussed that aids in the optimized field development planning of unconventional reservoirs.

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Simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance response based on 3D CT images of sandstone core

Xiao

et al. 2023

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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In recent years, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging has become increasingly prevalent in the characterization of rock properties such as porosity, permeability, saturation, and pore size distribution. However, interpreting such properties accurately from NMR logging data is challenging for some reservoirs. In particular, the impact of salinity, viscosity, and saturation on NMR measurements is not always clear, which can lead to inaccuracies in the resulting data interpretation. Properly accounting for these factors is essential in order to obtain accurate and reliable measurements for effective characterization of subsurface formations. This study utilized a random walk technique to simulate the NMR response of homogeneous sandstones using 3D CT images and conducted a sensitivity analysis under various salinity, crude oil viscosity, and water saturation conditions. The results indicate that the T2 relaxation time slightly shifts toward the short relaxation direction as the salinity of the formation water increases. In addition, longer echo intervals result in a more significant forward shift in the T2 value than shorter intervals. Whereas, for crude oil, the T2 relaxation time becomes shorter as its viscosity increases. Furthermore, the effect of echo interval on the forward T2 shift is less pronounced for crude oil than it is for formation water. Under water wet conditions, the T2 spectrum of crude oil exhibits a peak at the volume relaxation position. As the water saturation decreases, the left two peaks in the T2 spectrum shift toward shorter relaxation times. Under oil wet conditions, the T2 spectrum exhibits a complex three-peak structure. The method provides a physical basis for interpreting NMR macroscopic responses, and the simulated NMR responses can help identify fluids in reservoirs.

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Influence of Rock Wettability on THF Hydrate Saturation and Distribution in Sandstones

Cited by 18 publications

References 91 publications

Effect of Rock Wettability on the Electric Resistivity of Hydrate Formations: An Experimental Investigation

Effect of Rock Wettability on the Electric Resistivity of Hydrate Formations: An Experimental Investigation

Unconventional hydrocarbon resources: geological statistics, petrophysical characterization, and field development strategies

Simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance response based on 3D CT images of sandstone core

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