Influence of roadway emissions on near-road PM2.5: Monitoring data analysis and implications

Mukherjee, Anondo; McCarthy, Michael C.; Brown, Samantha M.; Huang, ShihMing; Landsberg, Karin; Eisinger, Douglas S.

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2020.102442

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…No distinction is made between daily average FRM and FEM (with ≥18 h of hourly measurements) values for the daily interpolation because they are both high-confidence, quality-assured measurements that are used for regulatory purposes such as calculating design interpolation have the same model of FEM deployed at both the near-road and non-near-road sites, reducing any methodspecific variation in the PM 2.5 measurement related to chemical composition. 20 Although not officially part of the Near-Road Network, several existing sites with NO 2 or PM 2.5 monitors are very close to major highways or roadway features. These quasi-near-road sites may have a longer record of NO 2 or PM 2.5 measurements than the newer, officially designated near-road sites and can be used to show long-term trends in the near-road increment.…”

Section: ■ Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For the hourly PM 2.5 interpolation, only CBSAs with FEM monitors at near-road and non-near-road sites are considered. Most CBSAs that qualify for the hourly PM 2.5 interpolation have the same model of FEM deployed at both the near-road and non-near-road sites, reducing any method-specific variation in the PM 2.5 measurement related to chemical composition …”

Section: Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brown et al 18 found that two sites (in Denver, CO and Indianapolis, IN) from the Near-Road Network had elevated PM 2.5 concentrations that peaked when the sites were near-downwind (15°to 45°) rather than directly downwind (within 15°) from the highway. More recently, several studies have utilized the Near-Road Network sites to determine pollutant increments as a function of time of day, 19 PM 2.5 measurement technique (among other parameters), 20 and land use (among other parameters). 21 ■ DATA AND METHODS Inverse Distance Weighting.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Particulate Matter near Major Highways in the United States Using the National Near-Road Monitoring Network

Gantt

Owen

Watkins

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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As part of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s 2010 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) review, a national network of near-road sites was established to characterize pollutant behavior, interaction, and dispersion in the ambient near-road environment. Using spatial interpolation to estimate the near-road concentration increments of NO2 and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm and less (PM2.5) relative to nearby non-near-road monitors, we found that the 2013–2018 national average increment is 6.9 ppb and 1.0 μg m–3 for NO2 and PM2.5, respectively. Analyses of the hourly near-road NO2, nitric oxide (NO), and PM2.5 increments showed distinct diurnal cycles; the NO2 increment peaks at ∼9 ppb during the early afternoon (2–4 pm local time) while the NO and PM2.5 increments peak during the morning rush hour (5–8 am local time) at 25 ppb and 1.8 μg m–3 for NO and PM2.5, respectively. Although long-term trends are not yet available for this network of sites, a similar analysis of the NO2 and PM2.5 increment at a quasi-near-road site outside of the official network in Elizabeth, NJ showed gradual decreases in the increment over time since the mid-2000s.

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Section: ■ Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Data and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Particulate Matter near Major Highways in the United States Using the National Near-Road Monitoring Network

Gantt

Owen

Watkins

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Here, we only evaluate the GEOS-Chem simulations with U.S. Embassy and Consulates’ monitors for reasons discussed elsewhere 13 and the strict quality assurance/quality control procedures used in the Embassy monitoring. 60 Negative concentrations were removed from the observational data set, and we only consider daily data where 75% of hours were recorded, broadly consistent with procedures outlined by Mukherjee et al 61 Normalized mean bias was calculated between the simulated results and the average of the observations and satellite products. We report population-weighted concentrations and use the same population distribution data as outlined in previous work utilizing this inventory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Circular, Waste-Heat Reuse Pathways on PM_2.5-Air Quality, CO₂ Emissions, and Human Health in India: Comparison with Material Exchange Potential

Lal

Tibrewal

Venkataraman

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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India is home to 1.3 billion people who are exposed to some of the highest levels of ambient air pollution in the world. In addition, India is one of the fastest-growing carbon-emitting countries. Here, we assess how two strategies to reuse waste-heat from coal-fired power plants and other large sources would impact PM 2.5 -air quality, human health, and CO 2 emissions in 2015 and a future year, 2050, using varying levels of policy adoption (current regulations, proposed single-sector policies, and ambitious single-sector strategies). We find that power plant and industrial waste-heat reuse as input to district heating systems (DHSs), a novel, multisector strategy to reduce local biomass burning for heating emissions, can offset 71.3–85.2% of residential heating demand in communities near a power plant (9.3–12.4% of the nationwide heating demand) with the highest benefits observed during winter months in areas with collocated industrial activity and higher residential heating demands (e.g., New Delhi). Utilizing waste-heat to generate electricity via organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) can generate an additional 22 (11% of total coal-fired generating capacity), 41 (8%), 32 (13%), and 6 (5%) GW of electricity capacity in the 2015, 2050-current regulations, 2050-single-sector, and 2050-ambitious-single-sector scenarios, respectively. Emission estimates utilizing these strategies were input to the GEOS-Chem model, and population-weighted, simulated PM 2.5 showed small improvements in the DHS (0.2–0.4%) and ORC (0.3–3.4%) scenarios, where the minimal DHS PM 2.5 -benefit is attributed to the small contribution of biomass burning for heating to nationwide PM 2.5 emissions (much of the biomass burning activity is for cooking). The PM 2.5 reductions lead to ∼130–36,000 mortalities per year avoided among the scenarios, with the largest health benefits observed in the ORC scenarios. Nationwide CO 2 emissions reduced <0.04% by DHSs but showed larger reductions using ORCs (1.9–7.4%). Coal fly-ash as material exchange in cement and brick production was assessed, and capacity exists to completely reutilize unused fly-ash toward cement and brick production in each of the scenarios.

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“…The adverse effects of long term exposure to PM 2.5 (10 μg/m 3 annual mean), PM 10 (20 μg/m 3 annual mean) (particulates with aerodynamic diameter <2.5μm and <10μm, respectively) on human health in terms of cardio-respiratory adversities, cancer and neurological effects have been widely covered in epidemiological studies [ 6 – 12 ]. Elevated localized PM 2.5 levels are specifically reported to be much higher near the highway owing to vehicular emissions compared to the far-field regions [ 13 – 16 ]. These fine emission particles get deposited in the lower respiratory tract and trigger local and systemic inflammation [ 17 ] which in turn may set off a cascade of metabolic reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of air pollution and homocysteine with global DNA methylation: A population-based study from North India

et al. 2021

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Background Anthropogenic air pollution has been implicated in aberrant changes of DNA methylation and homocysteine increase (>15μM/L). Folate (<3 ng/mL) and vitamin B12 (<220 pg/mL) deficiencies also reduce global DNA methylation via homocysteine increase. Although B-vitamin supplements can attenuate epigenetic effects of air pollution but such understanding in population-specific studies are lacking. Hence, the present study aims to understand the role of air pollution, homocysteine, and nutritional deficiencies on methylation. Methods We examined cross-sectionally, homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 (chemiluminescence) and global DNA methylation (colorimetric ELISA Assay) among 274 and 270 individuals from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively, from a single Mendelian population. Global DNA methylation results were obtained on 254 and 258 samples from low- and high- polluted areas, respectively. Results Significant decline in median global DNA methylation was seen as a result of air pollution [high-0.84 (0.37–1.97) vs. low-0.96 (0.45–2.75), p = 0.01]. High homocysteine in combination with air pollution significantly reduced global DNA methylation [high-0.71 (0.34–1.90) vs. low-0.93 (0.45–3.00), p = 0.003]. Folate deficient individuals in high polluted areas [high-0.70 (0.37–1.29) vs. low-1.21 (0.45–3.65)] showed significantly reduced global methylation levels (p = 0.007). In low polluted areas, despite folate deficiency, if normal vitamin B12 levels were maintained, global DNA methylation levels improved significantly [2.03 (0.60–5.24), p = 0.007]. Conversely, in high polluted areas despite vitamin B12 deficiency, if normal folate status was maintained, global DNA methylation status improved significantly [0.91 (0.36–1.63)] compared to vitamin B12 normal individuals [0.54 (0.26–1.13), p = 0.04]. Conclusions High homocysteine may aggravate the effects of air pollution on DNA methylation. Vitamin B12 in low-polluted and folate in high-polluted areas may be strong determinants for changes in DNA methylation levels. The effect of air pollution on methylation levels may be reduced through inclusion of dietary or supplemented B-vitamins. This may serve as public level approach in natural settings to prevent metabolic adversities at community level.

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Influence of roadway emissions on near-road PM2.5: Monitoring data analysis and implications

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Characterizing Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Particulate Matter near Major Highways in the United States Using the National Near-Road Monitoring Network

Characterizing Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Particulate Matter near Major Highways in the United States Using the National Near-Road Monitoring Network

Impact of Circular, Waste-Heat Reuse Pathways on PM_2.5-Air Quality, CO₂ Emissions, and Human Health in India: Comparison with Material Exchange Potential

Association of air pollution and homocysteine with global DNA methylation: A population-based study from North India

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Influence of roadway emissions on near-road PM2.5: Monitoring data analysis and implications

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Characterizing Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Particulate Matter near Major Highways in the United States Using the National Near-Road Monitoring Network

Characterizing Nitrogen Oxides and Fine Particulate Matter near Major Highways in the United States Using the National Near-Road Monitoring Network

Impact of Circular, Waste-Heat Reuse Pathways on PM2.5-Air Quality, CO2 Emissions, and Human Health in India: Comparison with Material Exchange Potential

Association of air pollution and homocysteine with global DNA methylation: A population-based study from North India

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Product

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Impact of Circular, Waste-Heat Reuse Pathways on PM_2.5-Air Quality, CO₂ Emissions, and Human Health in India: Comparison with Material Exchange Potential