Influence of ring faulting in localizing surface deformation at subsiding calderas

Liu, Yuan‐Kai; Ruch, J.; Vasyura‐Bathke, Hannes; Jónsson, Sigurjón

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115784

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Deformation was afterward accommodated by normal faults, propagating from the surface and linking at depth with the reverse faults. This evolutionary model is at the first order in line with the results highlighted by many underpressure experiments (e.g., Acocella et al, 2001b;Geyer et al, 2006;Holohan et al, 2008b;Liu et al, 2019) and summarized in a conceptual model by Acocella (2007;cf. Figs.…”

Section: Fault Architecture Propagation and The Role Of Inherited Structuressupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Journal Pre-proof performed using a slightly different setup that includes a rigid subsiding piston (e.g., Acocella et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2019) to induce the collapse of various analogue magma materials (silicone/honey). Using a rigid piston has clear advantages (e.g., model reproducibility), but it may also limit the structural variability inside the models, as the collapse is driven by the mechanical movement of the piston and not directly by the analogue magma flow.…”

Section: Fault Architecture Propagation and The Role Of Inherited Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring fault propagation and the role of inherited structures during caldera collapse through laboratory experiments

Maestrelli

Bonini

Corti

et al. 2021

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Caldera collapse received large attention during the last decades and was widely studied using various approaches, spanning from field-geology to numerical and analogue modelling. Analogue models allow to reproduce caldera collapse deformation, providing information otherwise difficult to obtain during such an extremely transient geological process. A wide range of analogue studies is available in literature, nonetheless, some aspects are still barely known, particularly the propagation of caldera faults and the role of inherited structures during caldera collapse. We have thus addressed the above research questions through analogue models. Our models show how calderas may experience asymmetry due to the lateral propagation of caldera-related faults. Furthermore, inherited discontinuities may affect caldera collapse by inducing rectilinear caldera faults that generate non-circular ring faults. Finally, sub-vertical discontinuities may be able, in specific conditions, to inhibit the formation of standard caldera structures that have been commonly observed in previous experimental series (i.e., early inward-dipping reverse faults followed by peripheral normal ring faults). Our models were then compared with four natural examples (the Acoculco and Los Humeros caldera complexes in Mexico, the Tuscolo-Artemisio caldera in the Colli Albani volcanic district, Italy and the Glencoe Caldera in Scotland), suggesting a relevant control exerted by inherited faults during caldera collapse. On the basis of the modelling results, we propose an evolutionary model that can be generalized and likely applied to many other caldera settings worldwide.

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Section: Fault Architecture Propagation and The Role Of Inherited Structuressupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Fault Architecture Propagation and The Role Of Inherited Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring fault propagation and the role of inherited structures during caldera collapse through laboratory experiments

Maestrelli

Bonini

Corti

et al. 2021

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…Cumulative fault motion along the eastern and western faults produced uplift east and west of the caldera and subsidence in the caldera center. Liu et al (2019) investigated the impact of ring faulting on surface deformation during caldera subsidence through both analog experiments and boundary element modeling. They proposed that broad deformation patterns observed at active volcanic centers are the result of volume change within the magma reservoir, while localized intra‐caldera subsidence is the result of motion along reactivated ring faults at depth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised Magmatic Source Models for the 2015 Eruption at Axial Seamount Including Estimates of Fault‐Induced Deformation

et al. 2020

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Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located at the intersection of the Cobb hot spot and the Juan de Fuca Ridge (45°57′N, 130°01′W). Bottom pressure recorders captured co‐eruption subsidence of 2.4–3.2 m in 1998, 2011, and 2015, and campaign‐style pressure surveys every 1–2 years have provided a long‐term time series of inter‐eruption re‐inflation. The 2015 eruption occurred shortly after the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Cabled Array came online providing real‐time seismic and deformation observations for the first time. Nooner and Chadwick (2016, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4666) used the available vertical deformation data to model the 2015 eruption deformation source as a steeply dipping prolate‐spheroid, approximating a high‐melt zone or conduit beneath the eastern caldera wall. More recently, Levy et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39978.1) used OOI seismic data to estimate dip‐slip motion along a pair of outward‐dipping caldera ring faults. This fault motion complicates the deformation field by contributing up to several centimeters of vertical seafloor motion. In this study, fault‐induced surface deformation was calculated from the slip estimates of Levy et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1130/G39978.1) then removed from vertical deformation data prior to model inversions. Removing fault motion resulted in an improved model fit with a new best‐fitting deformation source located 2.11 km S64°W of the source of Nooner and Chadwick (2016, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah4666) with similar geometry. This result shows that ring fault motion can have a significant impact on surface deformation, and future modeling efforts need to consider the contribution of fault motion when estimating the location and geometry of subsurface magma movement at Axial Seamount.

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“…The influence of a caldera ring fault slip needs to be considered when studying ground deformation at calderas, as slip at caldera faults may lead to localized deformation pattern. Liu et al (2019) studied the influence of caldera fault slip with sill inflation at depth using experiments and boundary element modeling, and suggested that a localized geodetic signal is not necessarily caused by shallow intrusion. In our case, both the shallow magma inflow and a model with a sill inflation fixed at 10 km depth combined with fault slip can fit the rapid deformation signal closest to the Bárðarbunga caldera.…”

Section: 1029/2020jb020157mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Deformation After a Caldera Collapse: Contributions of Magma Inflow and Viscoelastic Response to the 2015–2018 Deformation Field Around Bárðarbunga, Iceland

Sigmundsson

Drouin

et al. 2021

JGR Solid Earth

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Influence of ring faulting in localizing surface deformation at subsiding calderas

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Exploring fault propagation and the role of inherited structures during caldera collapse through laboratory experiments

Exploring fault propagation and the role of inherited structures during caldera collapse through laboratory experiments

Revised Magmatic Source Models for the 2015 Eruption at Axial Seamount Including Estimates of Fault‐Induced Deformation

Ground Deformation After a Caldera Collapse: Contributions of Magma Inflow and Viscoelastic Response to the 2015–2018 Deformation Field Around Bárðarbunga, Iceland

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