Influence of rib impact on thoracic gunshot trauma

Rodrigues, Samantha; Guey, J; Plummer, T C H; Pullen, Amy; Shaw, Brian; Kieser, David

doi:10.1136/jramc-2018-000984

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…Gelatin has been frequently employed as a soft tissue simulant in terminal ballistic studies 10–16. It can be manufactured either via acid pretreatment (Type A) or alkali pretreatment (Type B) and is available across a range of strength and stiffness, designated by the ‘Bloom number’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic gelatin calibration standardisation

2020

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IntroductionA review of ballistic gelatin calibration standards has highlighted that data used from studies with different calibrations methods may not be able to be compared. Calibration of ballistic gelatin did not occur until the mid-1980s when Fackler recognised the deficiencies of uncalibrated gelatin. He determined that the calibration standard should be 85±5 mm of ball bearing penetration for a 180 m/s impact velocity. This study looks to improve on and optimise current ballistic gelatin calibration standardsMethodsNine 0.177 cal (4.5 mm) spheres were fired using a Daisy Powerline air rifle at velocities between 134 m/s and 224 m/s at 25 gelatin blocks (n=225). Velocities were measured using an Oehler Model 36 Chronograph with three Model 57 screens. Depth of penetration (DoP) was measured from the entry surface to the back end of the sphere via a Mitutoyo Absolute vernier calliper.ResultsThe R-squared regression model showed that all batches had a close fit to the regression line. Using the R-squared regression model, the equation y=0.584x – 20.02 (where x is the velocity) returned a DoP of 84.918 mm for a 180 m/s impact and therefore needed minimal adjustment to align with Fackler’s 85 mm DoP. The equation can be adjusted to y=0.584x – 20.12 to return a DoP of 85 mm for 180 m/s.ConclusionsWe propose that the calibration standard of ballistic gelatin with 4.5 mm spheres is DoP=0.584x – 20.12 where DoP is the depth of penetration (mm) and x is the impact velocity (m/s), The measured DoP should be within 5% of the calculated DoP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%