Influence of restraint stress on ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats

Abstract

The influence of stress on periodontal breakdown in Wistar rats was analyzed during experimental periodontitis, induced by placing silk ligatures around the maxillary right second molar teeth. The rats were divided into three groups with 10 animals in each; the first group was exposed to restraint stress for 12 h d(-1) for a period of 4 wk; the second group was exposed to restraint stress for 2.5 h d(-1) for a period of 4 wk; the third group served as a control group. Ligation for 4 wk resulted in an accelerated periodontal degradation, whereas the restraint stress by itself had no significant effect. Combined stress and ligation resulted in a significantly higher attachment loss and alveolar bone resorption than either treatment alone, while no differences were seen between the two stress regimens. After 4 wk, a reduced body weight was found in both restrained groups of rats and a reduced weight of the thymus in the rats restrained for 12 h d(-1), while no changes were observed in the weight or composition of the suprarenal glands. We conclude that stress alone does not result in periodontal disease but may modulate the pathophysiological processes of already present periodontal inflammation, resulting in accelerated degradation of periodontal tissues.

Effect of chronic stress on implant osseointegration into rat's mandible

“…As indicated by the literature, after a repair period of 28 days, pro-inflammatory interleukins such as IL1B and IL6 do not appear to influence the inflammatory stage of repair 14,20,21 .…”

Effect of psychological stress on orthodontic tooth movement in rats

“…Blood cortisol level increases in response to psychological stress. This hormone influences the immune system, reducing T lymphocyte and monocyte count (10,13). With a decrease in monocytic counts, considered osteoclast progenitors, a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in the surface area under a light microscope is expected in the rats in the stress group.…”

“…Stress decreases the speed of wound healing by impairing the inflammatory response and reducing IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in wound site (16,17). Several researchers suggest that emotional stress suppresses immune responses and is a predisposing factor in periodontal disease (9,13). Disruption of the circadian rhythm caused by psychological stress, traveling or irregular sleep patterns may adversely affect the production of osteoblasts (18).…”

“…It has a major impact on the intermediary metabolism, induces an increased blood sugar concentration and influences fat metabolism. In addition to these endocrinologic effects, cortisol has major anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, inhibiting formation of lymphocytes, inducing lymphatic tissue hyperplasia, suppressing humoral immune defense and reducing synthesis of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (13).Psychological stress is primarily immunosuppressive (13)(14)(15). Cortisol is primarily immunosuppressive, causing leukocyte depletion and retarding its function (primarily T-lymphocytes and monocytes) and decreasing natural killer (NK) cell activity (13).…”

“…In addition to these endocrinologic effects, cortisol has major anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, inhibiting formation of lymphocytes, inducing lymphatic tissue hyperplasia, suppressing humoral immune defense and reducing synthesis of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (13).Psychological stress is primarily immunosuppressive (13)(14)(15). Cortisol is primarily immunosuppressive, causing leukocyte depletion and retarding its function (primarily T-lymphocytes and monocytes) and decreasing natural killer (NK) cell activity (13). Stress decreases the speed of wound healing by impairing the inflammatory response and reducing IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in wound site (16,17).…”