Influence of resistance spot welding process parameters on dissimilar austenitic and duplex stainless steel welded joints

Abstract

<jats:p> This paper examines the impact of welding parameters on tensile shear fracture load, nugget geometry and microstructure of resistance spot welds (RSW) of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316 L and duplex stainless steel 2205 under lap shear loading condition. The macroscopic examination resulted that many of the nugget lengths were nearer to and higher than the AWS recommended value 4√t and failed at higher tensile shear load. Nugget height for DSS 2205 side was higher in comparison with AISI 316 L due to higher thermal conductivity of duplex stainless steel. Three welding parameters mainly welding current of 9 kA, heating cycle of 9 and electrode tip diameter of 6 mm were discovered as most effectual parameters on the tensile shear load and microstructure of weldments. Heterogeneous hardness was observed in the fusion zone due to the transition of equiaxed to columnar grains takes place in the both sides of nugget edge. DSS HAZ nearby BM observed higher hardness and ASS HAZ nearby BM reported lower hardness. WMZ Microstructure confirmed that thickness of austenite layers increased with heat input. Also, an unmixed zone in the microstructure identified as HAZ which contains delta ferrite. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images in the nugget zone for different welding parameters confirmed that Intra-Granular Austenite (IGA) highly developed at higher welding current. SEM fractrograph for the tensile sheared specimens at higher and lower heat input confirmed the ductile type fracture even failed at Inter-Facial (IF) mode. Nugget area and nugget hardness were positively correlated with Tensile Shear Fracture Load (TSFL). </jats:p>

Small-scale resistance seam welding of 304 stainless steel with capacitor discharge welding machine

“…As stated in all published articles on RSW, the welding current is one of the effective parameters on the size of the weld nugget and its strength. 25,35,36 In the RSW with CD welding machine, the discharged energy determines the amount of welding current, and with increasing the discharged energy, the current passing through the weld zone increases, and as a result, the size of the weld nugget increases.…”

Effects of welding parameters on tensile properties and failure modes of resistance spot welded DC01 steel

“…They determined optimum process parameters using the response surface method. Krishnan et al 4 examined the impact of welding parameters on the tensile shear force (TSF), the nugget geometry, and the microstructure of RSW of AISI 316 L and duplex stainless steel 2205. They obtained most effective parameters on TSF and microstructure of joints.…”

“…2 This welding process is frequently utilized in automotive and aerospace industries. [3][4][5] Today, bodies of cars are mostly assembled with the traditional RSW method. Approximately 3000-5000 spot welds are required to finish the construction of a vehicle body.…”

Predicting Parametric Influence of Resistance Spot Welding Process Parameters on Tensile Shear Load Using Optimization Technique

“…The spot welding trials has been planned based on the FFD (Full Factorial Design). The qualities of the welded joints were assessed by using common destructive testing known as tensile shear test [4]. The experimental trials were utilized for developing mathematical models to predict the impact of process parameters on the responses.…”

“…Among several stainless steel sheets the SS steel grade of 316L is a great choice among global manufacturers owing to its superior corrosion resistance due to the existence of molybdenum which avoids chloride corrosion, higher in ductility and strength [3]. However, due to the presence of high nickel content makes 316L SS costlier [4]. Also, ASS is having poor sustainability in antagonistic environments.…”