Influence of Refractive Condition on Retinal Vasculature Complexity in Younger Subjects

Azemin, Mohd Zulfaezal Che; Daud, Norsyazwani Mohamad; Hamid, Fadilah Abd; Zahari, Ilyanoon; Sapuan, Abdul Halim

doi:10.1155/2014/783525

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…6,19 Indeed, OCTA revealed alterations in both the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexuses, which indicates that alterations occur throughout the entire retina. Considering that the degree of decreased microvascular density correlated with axial elongation, the significantly altered microvascular network in highly myopic eyes may represent disease progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on fundus images, a reduction in the large retinal vessel density was associated with myopia. 6,19 However, Chueng et al 22 found no difference between myopic and normal eyes after correcting for field of view magnification. Hollo et al, 23 using the Heidelberg retina flowmeter, reported that capillary perfusion near the temporal edge of the optic disc was significantly decreased in healthy subjects and glaucoma patients with myopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fractal analysis is commonly used to investigate the vascular network in fundus images 6,19,20 or to quantitatively analyze large retinal vessel density in myopic eyes. 6,19 In the present study, the fractal analysis toolbox from Benoit (TruSoft Benoit fractal analysis toolbox; TruSoft International, Inc., St. Petersburg, FL, USA) was incorporated into our custom algorithm to analyze the fractal dimensions (representing vessel density) of the large retinal vessels and microvessels on the segmented vascular network images.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,19 In the present study, the fractal analysis toolbox from Benoit (TruSoft Benoit fractal analysis toolbox; TruSoft International, Inc., St. Petersburg, FL, USA) was incorporated into our custom algorithm to analyze the fractal dimensions (representing vessel density) of the large retinal vessels and microvessels on the segmented vascular network images. The fractal dimension (D box ) was measured using the box-counting technique.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using color Doppler imaging, Benavente-Perez et al 5 demonstrated a pulse amplitude reduction in the central retinal artery of highly myopic eyes. With a fundus camera and fractal analysis, Azemin et al 6 analyzed the retinal vessels in moderate to high myopia and found a density reduction in the large retinal vessels of myopic eyes when compared with emmetropic eyes. While large retinal vessel impairment is evident in myopic eyes, analyzing the impact of myopia on retinal microvessels has remained elusive, mainly due to technical difficulties.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Retinal Microvasculature Alteration in High Myopia

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

128

100

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PURPOSE. To investigate the retinal vascular network alterations in highly myopic eyes.METHODS. Thirty-three highly myopic eyes from 21 subjects and 47 mildly myopic or emmetropic eyes from 24 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to image the superficial, deep, and whole retinal vascular plexuses at the macular region. Highly myopic eye images were analyzed after adjusting the ocular magnification using Bennett's formula. Fractal analysis (box counting method, D box ) representing vessel density was performed in different annular and quadrantile zones of both large vessels and microvessels. Correlations between the vascular density, axial length, and spherical equivalent refractive error were analyzed. RESULTS.The average density (D box ) of the superficial retinal annular zone (0.6-2.5 mm) microvessels was 1.741 6 0.018 in highly myopic eyes and was shown to be significantly lower than that of the controls (1.773 6 0.010, P < 0.001). Individual annular zone (bandwidth of 0.16 mm) analysis of highly myopic eyes revealed a significant level of microvessel alteration in all zones compared with the same zones in control eyes (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in the highly myopic group, the microvessel density was significantly correlated with axial length elongation in all three layers (r ¼ À0.38 to À0.48; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS. This study reveals retinal microvascular network alterations in highly myopic eyes, which correlates with axial length elongation. Fractal analysis of the microvasculature by OCTA images may help to characterize the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved in high myopia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal Microvasculature Alteration in High Myopia

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

128

100

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Association of Myopia With Peripapillary Perfused Capillary Density in Patients With Glaucoma

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCE This study used optical coherence tomographic angiography to assess for impaired blood flow in myopic eyes with or without open-angle glaucoma. OBJECTIVE To compare the peripapillary perfused capillary density (PCD) between eyes with and without glaucoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study at a tertiary glaucoma referral practice, we recruited patients with myopic eyes of spherical equivalent of more than −3.0 diopters with and without open-angle glaucoma, patients with nonmyopic eyes with glaucoma, and patients with no disease from February 2016 to October 2016. We obtained 4.5 × 4.5-mm optical coherence tomographic angiography images of the optic nerve head and calculated PCD as the ratio of pixels associated with capillaries to the number of pixels in the region of interest after large blood vessel removal. Both eyes of each patient were used in the analysis. Continuous variables were assessed by analysis of variance and Tukey tests. A marginal model of generalized estimating equations was performed to adjust for confounding factors and intraclass correlations. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mean PCD. RESULTS We matched 87 patients with myopic eyes with glaucoma (of whom 39 [45%] were women), 17 with myopic eyes without glaucoma (of whom 10 [59%] were women), and 93 with non-myopic eyes with glaucoma (of whom 55 [59%] were women) for visual field defects and included 51 control participants (or whom 38 [75%] were women). Mean (SD) ages were 67.5 (12.0) years for patients with myopia and glaucoma, 48.2 (19.0) years for those with myopia without glaucoma, 67.3 (11.0) years for those with glaucoma without myopia, and 64.7 (8.9) years in control participants. Global PCD demonstrated a progressive decrease from the control group (mean [SD], 41.0 [4.2]) to those with myopia without glaucoma (38.4 [5.8]) to those with glaucoma without myopia (31.9 [7.5]) to those with both (28.2 [6.0]; all P < .001). The mean difference in global PCD between the 3 groups and control group, adjusted for age and axial length, was greatest in those with myopia and glaucoma (−11.1; 95% CI, −14.0 to −8.1; P < .001), followed by those with glaucoma without myopia (−8.6; 95% CI, −10.9 to −6.3; P < .001) and those with myopia without glaucoma (−2.8; 95% CI, −6.9 to 1.2; P = .17). No interaction was found between glaucoma and myopia. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings demonstrate peripapillary microvascular attenuation to a greater extent in open-angle glaucoma than myopia. The cross-sectional design means we cannot determine if this association is a cause and/or is associated with other confounding factors.

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Microvasculature and microstructure alteration in dry‐type high myopia

Sun

et al. 2023

Journal of Biophotonics

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BackgroundTo investigate the alterations in the retinal vasculature and microstructure in dry‐type high myopia.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐nine dry‐type high myopia eyes were classified into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 86 eyes with no myopic retinal degenerative lesion (C0). Group 2 consisted of 71 eyes with tessellated fundus (C1). Group 3 consisted of 32 eyes with diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (C2). Retinal vascular density and retinal thickness were measured with optical coherence tomography angiography. The scanning area was a 3 × 3 mm2 ring with the fovea of the macular. All data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 by one‐way ANOVA test among comparison groups. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relations among measurements. Univariate linear regression showed a correlation between the vascular densities and retinal thicknesses.ResultsThe microvessel density significantly decreased and significant thinning of the superior and temporal macular thickness in the C2 group. The vascular densities of macular decreased significantly with the increase of axial length (AL) and refractive diopter in the C2 group. The retinal thicknesses of the macular fovea increased significantly with the increase of vascular densities in the C0 group and C1 group.ConclusionsThe impairment of retinal microstructure is more likely related to reduced oxygen and nutrients due to microvessel density decreases.

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Influence of Refractive Condition on Retinal Vasculature Complexity in Younger Subjects

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Retinal Microvasculature Alteration in High Myopia

Retinal Microvasculature Alteration in High Myopia

Association of Myopia With Peripapillary Perfused Capillary Density in Patients With Glaucoma

Microvasculature and microstructure alteration in dry‐type high myopia

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