Influence of Protozoa upon Rumen Acid Production and Liveweight Gains in Lambs

Christiansen, Wm. C.; Kawashima, Ryoji; Burroughs, Wise

doi:10.2527/jas1965.243730x

Cited by 71 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Over the past twenty years, many studies comparing conventional (naturally faunated) animals with protozoa-free (ciliate-free) animals have been carried out. However, no definite conclusions have been drawn on ciliates because of the contradictory results obtained on growing animals (Bryant and Small, 1960 ;Eadie, 1962 ;Abou Akkada and El Shazly, 1964 ; Christiansen, Kawashima and Burroughs, 1965 ;Borhami et al, 1967 ;Chalmers et al, 1968) and on feed digestion (Abou Akkada andEl Shazly,1964,1965 ;Barringer, Trenkle and Burroughs, 1966 ; Klopfenstein, Purser and Tyznik, 1966 ;Luther, Trenkle and Burroughs, 1966 ;Kurihara et al, 1968 ;Males and Purser, 1970 ;ltabashi and Kandatsu, 1975 ;Jouany, 1975). Ciliates have shown wide differences in their effects in vitro on carbohydrate metabolism (Abou Akkada, 1965 ;Hungate, 1966 ;Church, 1975 ;Clarke, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ciliates have shown wide differences in their effects in vitro on carbohydrate metabolism (Abou Akkada, 1965 ;Hungate, 1966 ;Church, 1975 ;Clarke, 1977). Merely a limited number of studies on the specific role of ciliates in the digestive process have been carried out in vivo (Christiansen et al, 1965 ;Williams and Dinusson, 1973). Jouany (1978) Hobson, 1962 ;Kurihara et al, 1968 ;Eadie and Gill, 1971), but the effect of inoculating each particular ciliate genus separately on the bacterial population has rarely been studied in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

Jouany¹,

Zainab²,

Sénaud³

et al. 1981

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. Six rumen-fistulated and defaunated wethers were fed twice daily a pelleted diet of barley and dehydrated lucern at a rate of 50 g dry matter/kg body weight °-!5. Two months later, the sheep were divided into three equal groups. Each group was then inoculated in the rumen with one of the following three genera of protozoa : Polyplastron multivesiculatum (P), Entodinium sp. (E), or lsotricha prostoma (I). After two months, each group was subdivided and inoculated with an additional genus to obtain two sheep for each P + E, P + I and E + I combination. After an additional two months, two sheep were inoculated with a mixture of several genera to restore them to a conventional state. At the end of each of the four two-month periods, the total digestibility of organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), nitrogen (N) and fermentation in the rumen were measured.The P + E genera combination could not be obtained because E disappeared when the sheep were inoculated with the P species. However, these two genera can coexist in a rumen containing at least four different genera of protozoa.OM and ADF digestibilities were improved mainly by inoculating the P genus and, to a lesser extent, the E genus, but the effect of I was negative. N digestibility tended to be higher after ciliate inoculation, compared to the defaunated state. Furthermore, the pH in inoculated sheep was generally lower, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia levels were higher.The composition of the VFA mixture was strongly influenced by inoculation with the E genus : the propionic acid proportion increased at the expense of the acetic and butyric acid proportions. This result was confirmed by the lower CH 4/ C0 2 ratio observed in the rumen gas composition in sheep inoculated with the E genus. With P alone or with other ciliates, the butyric acid proportion increased. The rumen lactic acid concentration increased after inoculation with the I genus. In the conventional animals, fermentation patterns were similar to those observed in the P-inoculated animals but the differences increased and became significant.Of the three ciliates studied, the P genus had the greatest effect on the digestive parameters which were similar to those found in conventional sheep. This effect could be explained by the ability of the P genus to hydrolyse and ferment most carbohydrates and by its predatory action on bacteria and protozoa.Introduction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

Jouany¹,

Zainab²,

Sénaud³

et al. 1981

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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“…More recently, their importance has been indicated by several workers (1,6,15). Several investigators (8,27,34,35) have studied the effect of dietary manipulation on ciliate protozoa concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Diethylstilbestrol on Populations and Concentrations of Ciliate Protozoa in Dairy Cattle

Ibrahim¹,

Ingalls²,

Stanger³

1970

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Two experimental diets with or without di-protozoa. Numbers of proto^zoa a4qng days ethylstilbestrol (DES) were fed to four fistu-were similar with no_ significant differenoes. lated dairy cows in' a 4 X 4 Latin square Total protozoa numbers were sigaificaptly design. Atontinuous feeding system was used higher (P < 0.01) forcows fed natural diets to g-ive each cow 13-15 g 6t-Aiet every two than for cows fed seqLi:pFified diets. In adminltes. The continuous Ieeding appeaied to dition, the feeding of _DES resulted in a signiremove the usual variation in th1 n^u^mbers of ficant increase in total protozoa numbers. The protozoa in the rumen content. This facil! inclusion of DES in the experimental -diet-s iated the sampling for studies of the effect of aided the retention and establishment of difthe diet on the concentrations and varietibs of ferent ciliate protozoa.

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“…Oxford, 1953 ;Howard, 1959b ;Punj et al, 1970 (Jouany et al, 1981a ;Jouany et Senaud, 1982 Shazly, 1964 ;Christiansen et al, 1965 ;Klopfenstein et al, 1966 ;Luther et al, 1966 ;Borhami et al, 1967 ;Kurihara et al, 1968 ;Youssef et Allen, 1968 ; Eadie et Gill, 1971 ;Itabashi et Kandatsu, 1975). L'augmentation de l'intensité des fermentations en présence des ciliés correspond vraisemblablement à une plus grande quantité d'AGV produite dans le rumen.…”

unclassified

Influence des ciliés du rumen sur l'utilisation digestive de différents régimes riches en glucides solubles et sur les produits terminaux formés dans le rumen. Il. — Régimes contenant de l'inuline, du saccharose et du lactose

Jouany¹,

Sénaud²

1983

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Influence of Protozoa upon Rumen Acid Production and Liveweight Gains in Lambs

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

Rôle of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium sp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of a mixed diet in sheep

Effect of Dietary Diethylstilbestrol on Populations and Concentrations of Ciliate Protozoa in Dairy Cattle

Influence des ciliés du rumen sur l'utilisation digestive de différents régimes riches en glucides solubles et sur les produits terminaux formés dans le rumen. Il. — Régimes contenant de l'inuline, du saccharose et du lactose

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