Influence of protoporphyrin IX amino acid substituents on affinity to human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells

Abstract

The ability of protoporphyrin IX (PP IX) to enter neoplastic cells is used for diagnosis and photodynamic therapy. We present here the effects of PP IX and three amino acid derivatives on MCF-7 cell viability. The fluorescence of each substance was examined using confocal microscopy. Our results show that diarginine diprotoporphyrinate (PP(Arg)2) has satisfactory fluorescence to evaluate the rate of accumulation within cells. We have determined the times at which the accumulation begins and reaches a plateau, as well as cellular localization of PP(Arg)2 in MCF-7 cells.

Expression of Proapoptotic BAX and TP53 Genes and Antiapoptotic BCL-2 Gene in MCF-7 and T-47D Tumour Cell Cultures of the Mammary Gland After a Photodynamic Therapy with Photolon

“…However, there are continuous efforts to modify the method in order to use it also to fight deeper lesions, for example quite simple intratissue needles with fibre optics [22]. [9,10,11,14]. However, this does not explain the mechanism of the final effect of PDT, i.e.…”

“…It depends to a significant degree on the conditions in which the photodynamic reaction takes place. Apart from the concentration and type of used photosensibilizator, it is also important to retain a certain time interval between its application and irradiation of the tested cells that determines the intracellular location of a photosensibilizator to a certain extend [8,13,14]. In most cases, the accumulation of a photosensibilizator in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum leads to the activation of the apoptotic pathway in the cell.…”

“…Both necrosis and apoptosis were observed in cultures affected by a photosensitizer and then irradiated [12]. It was proved that the key factors which influence the final effect of PDT (death of cells) are: type and concentration of the applied photosensibilizator [5], keeping an adequate time span between application of the photosensibilizator and irradiation of the tumour cells [13,14], as well as the dose of exciting radiation applied to the cultures [12]. However, what seem to play a particularly significant role for the effect of PDT are the properties of the cells in which the photodynamic reaction takes place.…”

“…Many research centres are currently focusing on assessing the effectiveness of various photosensitizers used during photodynamic reactions on in vitro breast cancer cells, including those from metastatic foci [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Cytotoxicity of PP(Arg)2- and PP(Ala)2(Arg)2-based photodynamic therapy and early stage of apoptosis induction in human breast cancers in vitro.

“…In healthy cells (polarized mitochondria) the dye accumulates and forms J-aggregates giving red fluorescence. In apoptotic cells (depolarized mitochondria) monomeric dye gives green fluorescence (the dye stays in the cytoplasm) (Misiewicz et al, 2003;Misiewicz et al, 2004;Misiewicz-Krzemińska et al, 2009;Reers et al, 1991;Smiley et al, 1991).…”