Influence of Propolis Extract (Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester) Addition on the Candida albicans Adhesion and Surface Properties of Autopolymerized Acrylic Resin

Abstract

Background. Denture stomatitis has been linked to the adhesion and proliferation of Candida albicans (C. albicans) on denture bases, which is a common and recurrent problem in denture wearers. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) into autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin on C. albicans adhesion, surface roughness, and hardness as well as the correlation between tested properties. Methods. Autopolymerized acrylic resin discs (N = 100, 50/C. albicans adhesion; 50/C. albicans surface roughness and hardness test) were fabricated in dimensions 15 × 2.5 mm, samples were categorized into 5 groups (n = 10) based on CAPE concentrations; unmodified (control), 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% wt of acrylic powder. Specimens were stored in distilled water for 48 h at 37°C. C. albicans adhesion was evaluated via direct culture method. Profilometer and Vickers hardness tester were used for surface roughness and hardness measurement. Post hoc Tukey’s HSD with ANOVA test was performed to compare the difference of means amongst groups. P values were statistically significant at ≤0.05. Results. The addition of 2.5% of CAPE to PMMA has significantly reduced C. albicans counts in comparison to higher CAPE concentrations ( p < 0.001 ). As for surface roughness, it was noticed that it increased with increased CAPE concentrations ( p < 0.0001 ). While surface hardness decreased as CAPE concentrations increased ( p < 0.0001 ). All tested properties showed a significant difference amongst groups for C. albicans colony count and surface parameters. Conclusion. The addition of 2.5% of CAPE to PMMA acrylic resin significantly decreased C. albicans count compared to higher CAPE concentrations. CAPE can be used as an adjunct in the prevention of DS by incorporating in the PMMA acrylic resin.

The effect of propolis disinfectant solution on mechanical and physical properties of polycarbonate denture base

“…Reducing the number of molecular chains per cross-sectional area unit and reducing the number of connections reduces the surface roughness [24,25] . However, unlike the results of the present study, the results of a study by Al-Khalifa et al (2022) revealed an increase in surface roughness due to the addition of 2.5% of propolis extract (CAPE) in auto-polymerized acrylic resin [26] . The reason for this difference can be related to the type of substance under investigation and the type of extract in this study.…”

“…However, chlorhexidine solution reduces the micro-hardness of root dentin [30] . The study by Al-Khalifa et al (2022) also showed a reduction in the hardness of acrylic resin with the addition of propolis extract (CAPE) [26] . Hardness is defined as a material's resistance to wear opposing tooth structures.…”

The Current Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Synthetic/Herbal/Biomaterials in Dental Application

“…Also, the powerful antimicrobial properties of EGCG against E. faecalis and S. mutans as well as its suppressive effects on their virulence genes have been verified by multiple studies [63]. [64]. Propolis in the form of ethanol extract (EEPs) is an herboriginated nontoxic product that is usually used as a dietary supplement and antibacterial agent [65].…”

“…A previous CAPE study demonstrated effective antifungal action against C. albicans . Biofilm formation and hyphal growth of C. albicans are inhibited by it as well [ 64 ]. Propolis in the form of ethanol extract (EEPs) is an herb-originated nontoxic product that is usually used as a dietary supplement and antibacterial agent [ 65 ].…”

Tendency of microbial adhesion to denture base resins: a systematic review

“…Surface properties are considered the most important factor in C. albicans adhesion and colonization, along with other factors such as poor oral hygiene and ill-fitting dentures ( 2 ). It was reported that DS occurrence rate is about 30%–75% of denture wearers and high recurrence rate even with antifungal treatment ( 3 ). This situation increased as the surface properties change (increasing Ra and contact angle and decreasing hardness) where rougher surfaces act as a nest and become an adequate environment for microbial adhesion and colonization ( 2 ).…”