Influence of Prokelisia Planthoppers on Amino Acid Composition and Growth of Spartina alterniflora

Olmstead, Karen L.; Denno, Robert F.; Morton, Thomas E.; Romeo, John T.

doi:10.1023/b:joec.0000006361.59085.22

Cited by 44 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…5a,b). Field studies have demonstrated that the high nitrogen content of low elevation Spartina plants encourages mass colonization, enhances both survival and fecundity, and promotes rapid population expansion of Prokelisia planthoppers (Olmstead et al 1997), and that nitrogen enhancement results in a greater abundance of herbivores, predators and parasitoids across a large range of latitude (McCall & Pennings 2012). Our mesocosm experiment also demonstrated these outbreak conditions on fertilized plants.…”

Section: Prokelisia Nymphssupporting

confidence: 60%

“…In contrast, although we know that plant quality and predator/omnivore densities vary geographically, we have little understanding of how these factors interact to mediate geographic variation in herbivore densities. Previous work suggests that enhanced plant nutrient status may allow herbivores to escape from predator control either through nutritional benefits leading to rapid population growth (Denno et al 2002) or because predator search times are increased on plants with higher biomass (Olmstead et al 1997). Here, we compare the importance of local vs. geographic controls on arthropod communities, using Spartina alterniflora and associated arthropods as a model system.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Importance of local vs. geographic variation in salt marsh plant quality for arthropod herbivore communities

et al. 2013

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Summary1. An important recent advance in food web ecology has been the application of theory regarding spatial gradients to studies of the factors that affect animal population dynamics. Building on extensive studies of the Spartina alterniflora food web at the local scale, we hypothesized that geographic variation in S. alterniflora quality is an important bottom-up control on food web structure and that geographic variation in S. alterniflora quality would interact with the presence of predators and top omnivores to mediate herbivore densities. 2. We employed a four-factor fully crossed experiment in which we (i) collected plants from highand low-latitude locations and grew them in a common garden and varied (ii) plant fertilization status (mimicking the plant quality differences due to marsh elevation), (iii) mesopredator density and (iv) omnivore density. 3. Our results suggest that the single most important factor mediating insect herbivore densities is local variation in plant quality -induced in our experiment by fertilization and demonstrated repeatedly as a consequence of marsh elevation. 4. Top-down effects were generally weak and in those cases where predators did exert a significant suppressing effect on herbivores, that impact was itself mediated by host-plant characteristics. 5. Finally, despite observed variation in plant quality with latitude, and the separately measurable effects of this variation on herbivores, geographic-scale variation in plant quality was overwhelmed by local conditions in our experiments. 6. Synthesis. We suggest that a first-order understanding of variation across large latitudinal ranges in the Spartina alterniflora arthropod food web must begin with local variation in plant quality, which provides strong bottom-up forcing to herbivore populations. A second-order understanding of the arthropod food web should consider the role of predation in controlling herbivores feeding on lowquality plants. Finally, while latitudinal variation in plant quality probably explains some variation in herbivore densities, it is probably more of a response to herbivore pressure than a driver of the herbivore dynamics. Although extrapolating from local to geographic scales presents multiple challenges, it is an essential task in order for us to develop an understanding that is general rather than site-specific.

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Section: Prokelisia Nymphssupporting

confidence: 60%

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Importance of local vs. geographic variation in salt marsh plant quality for arthropod herbivore communities

et al. 2013

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“…In other studies, phloem-feeder's ability to induce changes in their host plants was demonstrated to be linked to galling (DregerJauffret and Shorthouse 1992), chlorotic lesions, necrosis (Tedders and Thompson 1981) and morphological changes (reduction in the size of roots and leaves) (Hawkins et al 1986). These alterations are associated with changes in the phloem composition (Olmstead et al 1997;Telang et al 1999;Sandström 2000) and with increases in amino acid concentration in whole leaf tissue (Dorschner et al 1987;Riedell 1989). It is also assumed that some substances in the saliva of the aphids elicit reactions in the plants inducing senescence and at the same time an increased translocation of amino acids resulting from breakdown of leaf proteins (Dorschner et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aphid-host plant interactions: does aphid honeydew exactly reflect the host plant amino acid composition?

Leroy

Wathelet

Sabri

et al. 2011

Arthropod-Plant Interactions

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Plants provide aphids with unbalanced and low concentrations of amino acids. Likely, intracellular symbionts improve the aphid nutrition by participating to the synthesis of essential amino acids. To compare the aphid amino acid uptakes from the host plant and the aphids amino acid excretion into the honeydew, host plant exudates (phloem ? xylem) from infested and uninfested Vicia faba L. plants were compared to the honeydew produced by two aphid species (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris and Megoura viciae Buckton) feeding on V. faba. Our results show that an aphid infestation modifies the amino acid composition of the infested broad bean plant since the global concentration of amino acids significantly increased in the host plant in response to aphid infestations. Specifically, the concentrations of the two amino acids glutamine and asparagine were strongly enhanced. The amino acid profiles from honeydews were similar for the two aphid species, but the concentrations found in the honeydews were generally lower than those measured in the exudates of infested plants (aphids uptakes). This work also highlights that aphids take large amounts of amino acids from the host plant, especially glutamine and asparagine, which are converted into glutamic and aspartic acids but also into other essential amino acids. The amino acid profiles differed between the host plant exudates and the aphid excretion product. Finally, this study highlights that the pea aphid, a ''specialist'' for the V. faba host plant, induced more important modifications into the host plant amino acid composition than the ''generalist'' aphid M. viciae.

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“…This may produce physiological changes in the plant that reduce its quality as a resource. For example, phloem composition may be negatively affected (Olmstead et al, 1997;Petersen & Sandström, 2001), defences selectively deleterious for one of the competitors triggered (Moran & Whitham, 1990;Inbar et al, 1999;Messina et al, 2002), phloem flow among plant tissues modified (Inbar et al, 1995), or plant volatile composition changed (Bernasconi et al, 1998). In our system, some changes associated with aphid infestation are conspicuous (for instance, the presence of leaves with chlorotic spots, honeydew, and moulds), but the specific plant changes responsible for the competition observed are unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for competitive exclusion of Myzus persicae nicotianae by Myzus persicae s.s. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae)

Tapia¹,

Troncoso²,

Vargas³

et al. 2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The importance of interspecific competition as a force promoting specialization in phytophagous insects has been long debated. Myzus persicae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most polyphagous aphids. Its subspecies, M. persicae nicotianae, is found mainly on tobacco, although it can survive and reproduce on a relatively wide range of plant species in the laboratory. Since life history traits of these taxa make competitive interactions likely, we hypothesize that asymmetrical competition occurs between M. p. nicotianae and M. persicae s.s., and accounts for the exclusion of the former when they share a common resource. This hypothesis was tested in laboratory experiments, which examined the population growth of colonies of both taxa coexisting on sweet pepper. A replacement series experiment was set up with both aphid taxa on sweet pepper plants, and the rates of population growth (RPG) evaluated at 5 day intervals for 25 days. M. p. nicotianae showed a significantly lower RPG when interacting with M. persicae s.s. than when in monotypic colonies, while M. persicae s.s. RPG was unaffected by competition. The relative population growth from the second census onwards of M. persicae s.s. was consistently higher than that of M. p. nicotianae. Finally, the RPG of M. p. nicotianae was significantly reduced when the plant was infested with M. persicae s.s. The results suggest that the absence of M. p. nicotianae from sweet pepper in the field in Chile can be partly explained by competitive exclusion by M. persicae s.s.

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Influence of Prokelisia Planthoppers on Amino Acid Composition and Growth of Spartina alterniflora

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Importance of local vs. geographic variation in salt marsh plant quality for arthropod herbivore communities

Importance of local vs. geographic variation in salt marsh plant quality for arthropod herbivore communities

Aphid-host plant interactions: does aphid honeydew exactly reflect the host plant amino acid composition?

Experimental evidence for competitive exclusion of Myzus persicae nicotianae by Myzus persicae s.s. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae)

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