Influence of proinflammatory cytokines on Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans specific IgG responses

Abstract

The cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-12, and PGE(2) were all necessary for optimal production of human anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans and the need for proinflammatory cytokines including the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines is consistent with a response with a significant IgG2 component.

Immune Complex-Bearing Follicular Dendritic Cells Deliver a Late Antigenic Signal That Promotes Somatic Hypermutation

“…Immunogens in ICs on FDCs induce more potent Ab responses than free Ag plus FDCs (39,40) and ICs with FDCs were more potent stimulators of SHM than free Ag as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3.…”

Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on okadaic acid induced memory impairment in mice

“…Activated glial cells releases proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-1β which have been suggested important mediators in brain pathology of Alzheimer's disease (Tan et al, 2007;Tanaka et al, 2006). Increased TNF-α level in the brain and plasma, as well as a TNFR1 up regulation in the brain have been detected in Alzheimer's disease patients.…”

“…This initiated apoptotic cell death as evident by increased Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in rat brain areas (Kamat et al, 2011). Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species also contribute in activation of glial cells, which initiates neuroinflammatory processes by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β (Tanaka et al, 2006;Kamat et al, 2012a). Further TNF-α stimulates COX-2 in neurons, astrocytes and microglia leading to neuronal and synaptic loss that is associated with neurodegeneration (Kukreja et al, 1986;Cakala et al, 2007;Niranjan et al, 2010).…”

Dendritic Cells, Antibodies Reactive with oxLDL, and Inflammation

“…Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE are promoted by Th2 cytokines, whereas IgG2 is Th1-dependent in humans and is promoted by pro-inflammatory IFN-γ (Tanaka et al, 2003). Interleukin-12 and IL-18 promote IFN-γ production, and IL-12 is a prominent DC product (Tanaka et al, 2006). A. actinomycetemcomitans is a potent inducer of DC-IL-12, whereas IL-10 is the dominant macrophage product under the same conditions (Kikuchi et al, 2004).…”

“…Both DCs and NK cells are necessary to get the rapid 24-hour IFN-γ needed to induce the P. gingivalis-specific IgG2 in recall responses in PBL cultures (Kikuchi et al, 2005). Moreover, specific IgG2 responses appear to require a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines, since neutralizing antibodies for IL-12, IFN-γ, and IL-1 as well as indomethacin inhibit A. actinomycetemcomitansspecific IgG2 recall responses (Tanaka et al, 2006). Interestingly, IL-17 levels are also elevated in the sera of individuals with AgP (Schenkein et al, 2010).…”