Influence of production and behavioral risk factors on health disorders in employees of locomotive crews

Abstract

Preserving the working longevity of locomotive crew employees is one of the priority tasks of Russian Railways. The urgency of the problem is related to both the medical aspects of railway traffic safety and the importance of preserving human capital. The aim of study is to research the influence of occupational and behavioral risk factors on health disorders in drivers and their assistants. The study included the results of a survey of 9308 employees of locomotive crews on the presence of production and behavioral risk factors for health disorders, as well as on the presence of cases of temporary disability, hospitalization or unscheduled medical care in the previous year. Additionally, the results of clinical and laboratory studies were studied. Noise exposure is the main production factor affecting the unscheduled attendance of locomotive crew employees to the doctor, the number of cases of temporary disability and hospitalization. Only 13% of respondents have a high level of commitment to a healthy lifestyle. Among employees who are not exposed to industrial noise, the number of people who have a high commitment to a healthy lifestyle is 2 times higher than among those who complain about the presence of an acoustic factor. The main differences in adherence to a healthy lifestyle between people who have and do not have complaints about the negative impact of the sound factor are related to alcohol abuse (1.4 times more often used by people working in conditions of noise exposure), frequent use of semi-finished products and fatty foods (1.2 times more often). Among people exposed to industrial noise, a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 kg/m2 is 1.5 times more common than in people who do not have noise exposure. The frequency of occurrence of blood pressure is more than 130/80 mm Hg. and blood cholesterol more than 5 mmol/l, respectively, is 1.9 and 2.2 times higher in individuals with intra-cab acoustic load, compared with those without. An increase in the number of cases of temporary disability, hospitalization, and unscheduled visits to a doctor in people who report exposure to noise in the driver's cab may be associated with both occupational and behavioral factors: alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, and a high proportion of people with a BMI exceeding 25 kg/m2.

Development of a comorbidity phenotype of acid-dependent diseases and arterial hypertension syndrome for a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment

“…Профессиональная деятельность работников характеризуется преобладанием нагрузок на сенсорные системы организма (прежде всего, зрительную) на фоне сниженной физической активности; вероятностью периодического возникновения состояния монотонии в процессе поездной работы, а также необходимостью поддержания бдительности на протяжении рабочей смены; значительным нервно-психическим напряжением, обусловленным высокой ответственностью за результат работы -обеспечение безопасности движения [20,21].…”