Influence of Process Parameters on Porosity and Hot Cracking of AISI H13 Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Qin, Siyuan; Bo, Yutao; Herzog, Simone; Hallstedt, Bengt; Kaletsch, Anke; Broeckmann, Christoph

doi:10.3390/powders1030012

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The longer solidification from high energy input leads to severe segregation of alloy elements, resulting in hot cracks. [22,23] More cracks can be found even at lower volume energy densities with increased preheating temperatures. The crack length ranges from 50 to 100 μm, and the cracks run mainly along the build direction.…”

Section: Relative Density and Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Preheating Temperature on Microstructure Evolution and Hardness of High‐Speed Steel AISI M50 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Qin

Saewe

Kunz

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology has been involved in the tooling industry to produce tools with complex geometry and integrated functions. However, tool steels with high carbon content tend to crack due to the thermal stresses during the LPBF process. One solution is increasing the powder bed temperature to avoid large thermal gradients. In the present study, the influence of the preheating temperature on microstructure and corresponding hardness is systematically investigated. With the help of time–temperature–transformation diagram, the phase evolution during the LPBF process is systematically explained. AISI M50 samples are produced by LPBF from room temperature to a preheating temperature of 650 °C. Higher preheating temperatures shift the optimal laser parameter window to lower volume energy densities. A cellular/dendritic microstructure formed during the rapid solidification with retained austenite is located at the interdendritic regions. Moreover, a high preheating temperature reduces the retained austenite fraction, specifically from 39% without preheating to 7.6% at 650 °C preheating temperature.

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Section: Relative Density and Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Preheating Temperature on Microstructure Evolution and Hardness of High‐Speed Steel AISI M50 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Qin

Saewe

Kunz

et al. 2023

steel research int.

Self Cite

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“…QCM-D experiments were carried out to provide a direct comparison of the adsorption capabilities of both binder candidates. In QCM-D measurements, a mass change (e.g., 17.7 ng/[cm 2 Hz] for a 5 MHz quartz crystal [33]) on the surface was measured by the shift in the resonance frequency of the quartz crystal. A schematic drawing of the operating principle is shown in Figure 2a.…”

Section: Qcm-d Reveals That Pectin Irreversibly Adsorbs To Steel In C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solidification cracks occur if the residual melt at the grain boundaries solidifies and shrinks and the gaps are not refilled with further melt. In some cases, these cracks are apparent when processing pure AISI H13 [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Pectin Binder for Satelliting Carbides to H13 Tool Steel for PBF-LB Processing

et al. 2023

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In order to enhance the range of processable alloys of laser-based powder bed fusion, reinforced alloys have gained focus. Satelliting is a recently introduced method for adding fine additives to larger parent powder particles using a bonding agent. Satellited particles prevent a local demixing due to size and density effects of the powder. In this study, the satelliting method is used for the additivation of Cr3C2 to AISI H13 tool steel via a functional polymer binder (pectin). The investigation includes a detailed binder analysis and comparison to the previously used PVA binder as well as processability in PBF-LB and the microstructure of the alloy. The results reveal that pectin is a suitable binder for the satelliting process and the demixing behavior that appears when using a simple powder blend can be significantly reduced. However, the alloy is enriched with carbon, which results in austenite being retained. Thus, in future research, a reduced binder content will be investigated.

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“…HIP can also have a positive effect on the creep properties of PBF-LB manufactured materials. Kuo et al [23] and Qin et al [32] showed that HIP can improve the creep life of PBF-LB manufactured Inconel 718. This can be attributed, on the one hand, to the fact that the solution annealing temperature in HIP treatment is higher than in conventional heat treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Build Orientations and Heat Treatments on the Creep Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by PBF-LB

2023

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Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy with excellent creep properties and good tensile and fatigue strength. In the field of additive manufacturing, it is a versatile and widely used alloy due to its good processability in the powder bed fusion with laser beam (PBF-LB) process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy produced by PBF-LB have already been studied in detail. However, there are fewer studies on the creep resistance of additively manufactured Inconel 718, especially when the focus is on the build direction dependence and post-treatment by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Creep resistance is a crucial mechanical property for high-temperature applications. In this study, the creep behavior of additively manufactured Inconel 718 was investigated in different build orientations and after two different heat treatments. The two heat treatment conditions are, first, solution annealing at 980 °C followed by aging and, second, HIP with rapid cooling followed by aging. The creep tests were performed at 760 °C and at four different stress levels between 130 MPa and 250 MPa. A slight influence of the build direction on the creep properties was detected, but a more significant influence was shown for the different heat treatments. The specimens after HIP heat treatment show much better creep resistance than the specimens subjected to solution annealing at 980 °C with subsequent aging.

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Influence of Process Parameters on Porosity and Hot Cracking of AISI H13 Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Influence of Preheating Temperature on Microstructure Evolution and Hardness of High‐Speed Steel AISI M50 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Influence of Preheating Temperature on Microstructure Evolution and Hardness of High‐Speed Steel AISI M50 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Novel Pectin Binder for Satelliting Carbides to H13 Tool Steel for PBF-LB Processing

Influence of Different Build Orientations and Heat Treatments on the Creep Properties of Inconel 718 Produced by PBF-LB

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