Influence of process parameters in superheated steam drying on fire and explosion parameters of woody biomass

Adamski, Robert; Siuta, Dorota; Kukfisz, Bożena; Mitkowski, Piotr Tomasz; Szaferski, Waldemar

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106597

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The sol–gel method was used because it is highly adaptable and allows control of important properties of implants such as geometry, porosity, and the degree of pores in order to mimic the topological and microstructural characteristics of the extracellular matrix. It is widely known that after drying and rewetting, the initial moisture content of the composite does not return to its original internal structure [ 35 , 36 ]. The reason for this is that during drying the original structure is partially or totally destroyed by the action of surface tension of the solvent removed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Silica Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Adamski

Siuta

2021

Molecules

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The aim of this work was to fabricate novel bioactive composites based on chitosan and non-organic silica, reinforced with calcium β-glycerophosphate (Ca-GP), sodium β-glycerophosphate pentahydrate (Na-GP), and hydroxyapatite powder (HAp) in a range of concentrations using the sol–gel method. The effect of HAp, Na-GP, and Ca-GP contents on the mechanical properties, i.e., Young’s modulus, compressive strength, and yield strain, of hybrid composites was analyzed. The microstructure of the materials obtained was visualized by SEM. Moreover, the molecular interactions according to FTIR analysis and biocompatibility of composites obtained were examined. The CS/Si/HAp/Ca-GP developed from all composites analyzed was characterized by the well-developed surface of pores of two sizes: large ones of 100 μm and many smaller pores below 10 µm, the behavior of which positively influenced cell proliferation and growth, as well as compressive strength in a range of 0.3 to 10 MPa, Young’s modulus from 5.2 to 100 MPa, and volumetric shrinkage below 60%. This proved to be a promising composite for applications in tissue engineering, e.g., filling small bone defects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Silica Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Adamski

Siuta

2021

Molecules

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“…Very often, designers of technological processes do not have sufficient knowledge concerning the basic physical and chemical parameters of materials [6] and their dusts occurring under specific process conditions. Data related to cut tobacco in high temperatures above 100 • C are scarce and not sufficiently available in the literature [7]. Furthermore, there is no information about the influence of the superheated-steam-drying process on tobacco dust flammability and explosiveness parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Explosion and fire properties of tobacco after drying with superheated steam, such as maximum explosion pressure, P max ; maximum rate of pressure rise, (dP/dt) max ; explosion index, K St ; minimum explosion concentration, MEC; minimum ignition energy, MIE; minimum ignition temperature, MIT; and limiting oxygen concentration, LOC [6,7], were experimentally determined according to standards shown in Table 2.…”

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“…The main disadvantages of superheated steam-drying are the following: materials undergoing drying must be temperature resistant, superheated steam is corrosive and requires better construction materials than air-drying, and thermal insulation must be good enough to prevent condensation on the walls [4,7].…”

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“…Figure 7. Scheme of measurement equipment for minimum ignition temperature of a tobacco dust cloud[7]: (1) stopstock, (2) pressure gauge, (3) pressure vessel, (4) electromagnetic valve, (5) dust-sample container, (6) furnace shell, (7) heating, (8) thermal insulation materials, (9,10) thermocouples, (11) quartz furnace tube, and (12) reflector.…”

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Integration of Safety Aspects in Modeling of Superheated Steam Flash Drying of Tobacco

et al. 2021

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Knowledge of the drying properties of tobacco in high temperatures above 100 °C and its dust are crucial in the design of dryers, both in the optimization of the superheated-steam-drying process and in the correct selection of innovative explosion protection and mitigation systems. In this study, tobacco properties were determined and incorporated into the proposed model of an expanding superheated steam flash dryer. The results obtained from the proposed model were validated by using experimental data yielded during test runs of an industrial scale of a closed-loop expansion dryer on lamina cut tobacco. Moreover, the explosion and fire properties of tobacco dust before and after the superheated steam-drying process at 160, 170, 180, and 190 °C were experimentally investigated, using a 20 L spherical explosion chamber, a hot plate apparatus, a Hartmann tube apparatus, and a Godbert–Greenwald furnace apparatus. The results indicate that the higher the drying temperature, the more likely the ignition of the dust tobacco cloud, the faster the explosion flame propagation, and the greater the explosion severity. Tobacco dust is of weak explosion class. Dust obtained by drying with superheated steam at 190 °C is characterized by the highest value of explosion index amounting to 109 ± 14 m·bar·s−1, the highest explosion pressure rate (405 ± 32 bar/s), and the maximum explosion pressure (6.7 ± 0.3 bar). The prevention of tobacco-dust accumulation and its removal from the outer surfaces of machinery and equipment used in the superheated steam-drying process are highly desirable.

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Experimental study on combustion and explosion characteristics of different biomass powders

Yang

Jiang

Niu

et al. 2023

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Influence of process parameters in superheated steam drying on fire and explosion parameters of woody biomass

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Silica Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite/Silica Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering

Integration of Safety Aspects in Modeling of Superheated Steam Flash Drying of Tobacco

Experimental study on combustion and explosion characteristics of different biomass powders

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